Workshop_in_brief
The innovation environment of the 21st century is characterized by disruption, accelerated technology development, and globalized access to information, which is a dramatic shift from the largely government-controlled Cold War innovation environment of the previous century. The shift from an industrial age to an information age has lowered the barriers to entry into the global economy and compelled institutions to respond with greater efficiency and speed. How are companies, universities, and the U.S. government adapting to the accelerated pace of innovation in the current open information age? How are partnerships among the three sectors being utilized to adapt to current innovation conditions, and how can partnerships be fostered more deliberately to increase U.S. competitiveness in the global economy? To address these and related questions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on October 16-17, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
10 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-48991-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25384
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Adapting to the 21st Century Innovation Environment: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
In an increasingly interconnected world, perhaps it should come as no surprise that international collaboration in science and technology research is growing at a remarkable rate. As science and technology capabilities grow around the world, U.S.-based organizations are finding that international collaborations and partnerships provide unique opportunities to enhance research and training.
International research agreements can serve many purposes, but data are always involved in these collaborations. The kinds of data in play within international research agreements varies widely and may range from financial and consumer data, to Earth and space data, to population behavior and health data, to specific project-generated data—this is just a narrow set of examples of research data but illustrates the breadth of possibilities. The uses of these data are various and require accounting for the effects of data access, use, and sharing on many different parties. Cultural, legal, policy, and technical concerns are also important determinants of what can be done in the realms of maintaining privacy, confidentiality, and security, and ethics is a lens through which the issues of data, data sharing, and research agreements can be viewed as well.
A workshop held on March 14-16, 2018, in Washington, DC explored the changing opportunities and risks of data management and use across disciplinary domains. The third workshop in a series, participants gathered to examine advisory principles for consideration when developing international research agreements, in the pursuit of highlighting promising practices for sustaining and enabling international research collaborations at the highest ethical level possible. The intent of the workshop was to explore, through an ethical lens, the changing opportunities and risks associated with data management and use across disciplinary domains—all within the context of international research agreements. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
102 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-48247-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-48248-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25214
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Data Matters: Ethics, Data, and International Research Collaboration in a Changing World: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Partnerships between government, universities, and industry have formed the foundation of the national research enterprise for more than half a century, driving science and technology breakthroughs that have created significant social and economic benefits for the nation and the world. However, there is growing recognition that the partnerships supporting the U.S. innovation ecosystem extend beyond the "triple-helix actors" to include other stakeholders. Philanthropic institutions, angel and venture capital groups, political advocates, and nongovernmental organizations participate as partners in funding, influence, and support of basic science and research and development. How these partnerships are established and maintained, how effective they are in supporting science and innovation, and how to assess their overall impact on the U.S. research enterprise are increasingly relevant questions for leaders in both science and policy.
To address these and related questions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on June 12-13, 2018. Through presentations and robust discussion periods, workshop participants explored the engagement models, goals, incentives, and risk tolerance of some non-traditional research partners and discussed how their efforts intersect with those of the federal government, universities, and industry. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
8 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-48364-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25238
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Strategies for Engagement of Non-Traditional Partners in the Research Enterprise: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The big data revolution, accompanied by the development and deployment of wearable medical devices and mobile health applications, has enabled the biomedical community to apply artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms to vast amounts of data. This shift has created new research opportunities in predictive analytics, precision medicine, virtual diagnosis, patient monitoring, and drug discovery and delivery, which has garnered the interests of government, academic, and industry researchers alike and is already putting new tools in the hands of practitioners.
This boom in digital health opportunities has also raised numerous questions concerning the future of biomedical research and healthcare practices. How reliable are deployed AI-driven diagnostic tools, and what is the impact of these tools on doctors and patients? How vulnerable are algorithms to bias and unfairness? How can research improve the process of detecting unfairness in machine learning algorithms? How are other fields simultaneously advancing AI applications? How will academia prepare scientists with the skills to meet the demands of the newly transformed industry? Informed answers to these and other questions require interdisciplinary discussion and collaboration. On February 13 and 14, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore these and other questions related to the emerging use of AI and machine learning technologies in translational research. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
9 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47974-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25197
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Accelerate Translational Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Federal investments in research and development have historically supported the security of the nation, the protection of public health and the environment, the growth of new industries, and the employment of millions of Americans. However, proposed cuts to federal support and policy guidance could encourage more state governments to take on new or larger roles in developing innovation policy priorities. On October 17 and 18, 2017, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable held a meeting to consider how federal R&D policies affect states, and how state governments' roles in shaping local and regional innovation ecosystems will affect national R&D competitiveness and economic growth. Speakers also discussed the ways in which economic development efforts in states and regions drive innovation and economic growth. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the meeting.
8 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47199-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25022
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. The Role of State Governments in Economic Development and R&D Competitiveness: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Companies know exactly what they spend on research, but knowing exactly what they get for their money is a more difficult question to answer. Without a good way to measure value, research can be viewed as a cost that can be cut to boost near-term earnings. The number of patents is one metric for measuring the value of research, but that information is not necessarily useful without knowing the business value of those patents in the marketplace. What other metrics serve to highlight the value of research and innovation? On June 27 and 28, 2017, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable held a meeting to explore these issues. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the meeting.
10 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-46685-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/24920
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Beyond Patents: Assessing the Value and Impact of Research Investments: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable held a meeting on February 28 and March 1, 2017, to explore trends in public opinion of science, examine potential sources of mistrust, and consider ways that cross-sector collaboration between government, universities, and industry may improve public trust in science and scientific institutions in the future. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the meeting.
11 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-46206-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/24819
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Examining the Mistrust of Science: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
In October 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a meeting to consider the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its implications for manufacturing, as well as its likely social and economic effects. The meeting also explored the cross-sector collaboration between government, universities, and industry needed to accommodate emerging developments in the key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, namely artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, and the Internet of Things. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the meeting.
8 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-45616-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/24699
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Over half the world's population currently lives in urban areas, and the United Nations has projected that by 2050 that number will rise to 70 percent. Given the rapid urbanization trend happening around the globe, coupled with shifting demographics and disruptive technological change, many countries have started planning the development of smart cities and communities: urban centers that use intelligent, connected devices and automated systems that maximize the allocation of resources and the efficiency of services.
On June 21-22, 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a meeting to explore the role of connectedness and sustainability in developing smart communities, the challenges and opportunities associated with the roll-out of intelligent systems, and the partnerships among governments, universities, and industry that are integral to these advances. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the meeting.
8 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-45055-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/23663
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Building Smart Communities for the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
In an increasingly interconnected world, science and technology research often transects international boundaries and involves researchers from multiple nations. This paradigm provides both new opportunities and new challenges. As science and technology capabilities grow around the world, United States-based organizations are finding that international collaborations and partnerships provide unique opportunities to enhance research and training. At the same time, enhancing international collaboration requires recognition of differences in culture, legitimate national security needs, and critical needs in education and training.
Culture Matters is the summary of a workshop convened by the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) in July 2013 to address how culture and cultural perception influence and impact the process by which research agreements are made and negotiated across international boundaries. In this workshop, "Culture Matters: An Approach to International Research Agreements", representatives from around the world and from GUIRR's three constituent sectors - government, university, and industry - gathered to provide input into four specific meeting tracks or domains. The tracks focused on research and agreements affecting or involving people/human subjects; environmental and natural resources; science, engineering, and manufacturing; and agriculture and animal issues. This report examines each of these domains and the role that culture and cultural expectations may have in the forging and implementation of international research agreements.
98 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-30895-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-30896-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/18849
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. Culture Matters: International Research Collaboration in a Changing World: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The globalization of science, engineering, and medical research is proceeding rapidly. The globalization of research has important implications for the U.S. research enterprise, for the U.S. government agencies, academic institutions, and companies that support and perform research, and for the world at large. As science and technology capabilities grow around the world, U.S.-based organizations are finding that international collaborations and partnerships provide unique opportunities to enhance research and training. At the same time, significant obstacles exist to smooth collaboration across national borders. Enhancing international collaboration requires recognition of differences in culture, legitimate national security needs, and critical needs in education and training.
In response to these trends, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) launched a Working Group on International Research Collaborations (I-Group) in 2008, following its meeting on New Partnerships on a Global Platform that June. As part of I-Group's continuing effort, a workshop on Examining Core Elements of International Research Collaboration was held July 26-27, 2010 in Washington, DC. One primary goal of the workshop is to better understand the risks involved in international research collaboration for organizations and individual participants, and the mechanisms that can be used to manage those risks. Issues to be addressed in the workshop include the following: (1) Cultural Differences and Nuances; (2) Legal Issues and Agreements; (3) Differences in Ethical Standards; (4) Research Integrity and the Responsible Conduct of Research; (5) Intellectual Property; (6) Risk Management; (7) Export Controls; and (8) Strategies for Developing Meaningful International Collaborations.
The goal for the workshop and the summary, Examining Core Elements of International Research Collaboration, is to serve as an information resource for participants and others interested in international research collaborations. It will also aid I-Group in setting its future goals and priorities.
128 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-21640-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-21641-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/13192
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2011. Examining Core Elements of International Research Collaboration: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Constituting one-third of all U.S. institutions of higher education, emerging research institutions (ERIs) are crucial to sustaining the nation's technological competitiveness through innovation and workforce development.
Many, however, are not fully engaged in sustained sponsored research. This book summarizes the discussions at a workshop that examined the barriers ERIs face in building more robust research enterprises and approaches for overcoming those barriers. The book includes a description of federal programs that focus on capacity building and institutional collaborations.
78 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-13083-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-13084-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/12577
National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council. 2009. Partnerships for Emerging Research Institutions: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
In this report to the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable, authors Jerry Thursby and Marie Thursby summarize their research on the globalization of corporate R&D. The authors surveyed 200 multinational companies about recent and future R&D location decisions, and the factors influencing those decisions. The survey confirms that China and India are primary targets of R&D expansion, but this trend does not yet portend a "hollowing out" of R&D capability in the United States. R&D location decisions are complex and driven by a variety of factors, including the potential for market growth, the quality of R&D personnel, and the environment for collaborating with universities. The cost of research, while important, is not the primary factor in siting decisions.
48 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-10184-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-66006-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11675
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2006. Here or There?: A Survey of Factors in Multinational R&D Location -- Report to the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Meeting
240 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-08960-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-52530-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10727
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2003. Pan-Organizational Summit on the U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Meeting Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
28 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-08856-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-50649-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10647
National Academy of Sciences. 2003. Envisioning a 21st Century Science and Engineering Workforce for the United States: Tasks for University, Industry, and Government. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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