Index
A
Abandonment, 70
Abuse Assessment Screen, 94
Abused Women Coalition, 256
Academy of Certified Social Workers, 56
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), 36, 194
Accreditation requirements, 8, 9, 54-55, 81, 84-85, 131, 132, 149, 150, 194-196
Accreditation Review Commission on Education of the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA), 196
Administration for Children and Families, 4, 75, 156
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, 75
Adolescent health program, 115, 117
Adult protective service workers, 104
Advocacy for Women and Kids in Emergencies (AWAKE), 236, 258
Advocacy groups, 9, 64-67, 150
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 4, 68, 75, 77, 135, 156
Alabama, 206-207, 218-219, 250
Alabama Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 250
Alaska, 57, 66, 70, 71, 73, 127, 206-207, 218-219, 232, 234-235, 250
Alaska Family Violence Prevention Project (AFVPP), 66, 127, 234-235, 250
Allina Health System, 260
Alzheimer’s Association, 104, 247
Alzheimer’s disease centers program, 5, 152
American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), 198
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 10, 27, 37, 60, 82, 117, 120, 156-157, 198, 235, 238, 239
American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA), 38, 60, 198-199
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), 10, 39, 40, 61, 110, 114-115, 156, 199
American Association of Orthopedic Nursing, 61
American Board of Examiners in Clinical Social Work, 64
American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 55
American Board of Pediatrics, 37, 55, 56, 117-118
American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), 37, 200
American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM), 10, 27, 39, 61, 65, 82, 114, 157, 204, 250
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), 10, 27, 60, 62-63, 82, 156-157, 251
American College of Physicians, 10, 156, 252
American College of Surgeons (ACS), 200
American Dental Association (ADA), 10, 60, 156, 194, 200-201
American Medical Association (AMA), 10, 27, 47, 60, 156, 198, 200, 201
American Medical Women’s Association (AMWA), 201, 252
American Nurses Association (ANA), 39, 47, 60-61, 201
American Osteopathic Healthcare Association (AOHA), 194
American Psychological Association (APA), 10, 27, 40, 41, 42, 50, 60, 61, 64, 72 n.8, 81, 156, 195, 202, 236
American Society of Internal Medicine (ASIM), 252
Arizona, 206-207, 218-219, 242
Arkansas, 206-207, 218-219, 252
Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), 10, 50, 156
Association of Physician Assistant Programs, 38
Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO), 252
Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), 39, 61
B
Barriers to training
barriers to practice and, 45
cognitive biases, 124-132, 139, 149
competency requirements as, 8, 9, 54-56, 81, 84-85, 149, 150
curriculum priority conflicts, 48-50
institutional culture and norms, 8, 9, 50-54, 81
intrinsic, 46-54
leadership issues, 53-54
measuring and addressing, 128, 130
perceptions of need, 8, 9, 46-48, 81
personal issues, 9, 59-60, 149, 150
privacy issues, 51-53
professional factors, 8, 9, 56-59, 149, 150
research base on, 45
resource constraints, 74-81, 83, 127
response of health care system to victims, 66, 142
third-party reimbursement policies and, 67-68
Battered child syndrome, 22, 24
Battered woman syndrome, 22
Battered women’s shelters, 64
Behavioral change in health professionals
case studies, 132-134
concepts affecting, 108
in continuing medical education, 125-134, 148
systems approaches, 127-134, 139-140, 148-149
Benjamin Rose Institute, 247
Blue Shield of California, 67
Boston Medical Center, 258
Boston University, 76
Brown University, 236
Bureau of Health Professions, 40, 75 n.11
C
California, 57, 70, 71, 73, 120, 206-207, 218-219, 226-227, 230, 237, 253
California Medical Training Center, 253
Carnegie Mellon University, 76
Center for Child Protection, 237
Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, 77, 237
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4, 6, 15, 19, 25, 34, 75, 77, 78-79, 85 n.1, 135, 154, 156, 251
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, 135
Certification, 8, 9, 55, 56, 61, 149, 150
Child abuse and neglect
cases reported, 14
categories, 24-25
certification requirements, 55
definitional issues, 22, 24-25
common elements, 24
core competencies, 115, 117-118
costs of health care, 29
current educational initiatives, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40-42, 43, 60, 64, 81, 84, 234-246, 265
evaluation of training initiatives, 9, 85, 86 nn.2,4, 87, 88-90, 92-93, 95-97, 98, 106
exposure to intimate partner violence, 25, 28-29, 42
funding for training, 77-78, 79
health effects of, 28-30
health professionals’ responsibilities, 14, 27
licensure requirements, 55
mandatory education laws, 73, 150-151, 198, 230
mandatory reporting laws, 27, 52, 68, 69, 71, 118, 150-151, 206-217
outcomes of training, 9, 28, 92-93, 95, 99- 100, 317-325
parental authority issue, 51
perceptions of training adequacy, 87
research base, 3
and risk of becoming abusers, 29
shaken baby syndrome, 28
standardization of terminology, 34
as subspecialty, 117-118
Child Abuse and Neglect Working Group, 34
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974, 64, 77, 79
Child Advocacy Center, 239
Child protective services workers, 99, 322-325
Child Witness to Violence Project, 258
Children’s Hospital and Health Center (San Diego), 237
Children’s Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati), 239
Children’s Hospital of Boston, 236, 258
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 238
Children’s Memorial Hospital (Chicago), 239
Children’s Mercy Hospital (Kansas City), 243
Clinical Social Work Federation, 64
Cochrane Collaboration, 134-135, 136
Cognitive biases
cognitive heuristics and, 124-125
continuing medical education and, 125-127
debiasing, 8, 125, 139, 148, 149
systems change models and, 127-132, 139-140, 148-149
College of St. Catherine, 253
Colorado, 41, 70, 206-207, 226-227, 254
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), 196
Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education Accreditation (CCNE), 195
Commonwealth v. McAfee, 51
Community health center staff, 102, 103, 254, 262, 288-289, 294-295, 312-313
Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP), 77
Connecticut, 70, 206-207, 218-219, 254
Connecticut Primary Care Association, 254
Continuing medical education
behavioral change models, 125-134, 148
cognitive biases and, 125-127
current programs, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 198, 234-235, 238, 239, 242-244, 252, 253, 256, 257, 259-263, 267
effective teaching strategies, 89, 148
evidence-based practice in, 135
formal, 126-127
perceptions of adequacy of, 49-50
policy statements of professional organizations on, 198
and screening for abuse, 57-58
Cook County Hospital, 256
Core competencies.
See also Curriculum;Knowledge acquisition;Training and education
achievement through training, 122-134
advanced, 111-112, 115, 117, 139
as barriers to training, 54-56, 81, 84-85
basic, 7, 111, 115, 116-117, 138-139, 147
child abuse and neglect, 115, 117-118
conclusions of Committee, 7, 138-139
evidence base, 108-109, 112-118
forensic services, 111-112, 118-119, 132, 242
importance of, 109
integrated delivery networks, 111
interpersonal, 114
levels differentiated, 109-111
Oklahoma Principles, 110
and outcomes of training, 113
performance indicators, 116-117
Costs of health care, 3, 29, 31-32, 33, 67-68, 145
Council on Social Work Education (CSWE), 10, 27, 42-43, 156, 196
Cultural considerations, 42, 119-122
Curriculum.
See also Core competencies
defined, 19
evidence-based practice in, 135, 136
existing programs on family violence, 61, 233-268
integrated content, 126-127
perceptions of adequacy, 6, 44
priority conflicts, 48-50
D
Definitional issues
family violence, 4, 17-18, 21-27, 33-34, 145-146
and prevalence/incidence estimates, 21-22, 145-146
professional responsibility, 4, 18, 19, 27-33
responses of health professionals to family violence, 19
standardization initiatives, 33-34
training and education, 18-19
Delaware, 70, 206-207, 218-219
Dental Coalition to Combat Child Abuse and Neglect, 38-39
Dentists and dental hygienists
accreditation, 55
beliefs about family violence, 47-48
reporting of abuse, 71
training programs, 38-39, 49-50, 73, 89, 136, 194, 198, 237, 240, 247, 260, 261
Detection of family violence, 19
District of Columbia, 70, 206-207, 218-219, 268
Domestic violence. See Intimate partner violence
Duke Medical Center, 239
E
Education. See Evaluation of training efforts; Training and education
Education and research centers, 5-6, 152-156
Education Development Center, 142
Elder maltreatment
categories, 26
common elements, 24
current educational initiatives, 36, 37, 38, 39-40, 42, 43, 84, 104, 146, 247-249
definitional issues, 26-27
evaluation of training initiatives, 85-86, 87, 106
funding for training, 76, 77, 78, 79
health effects of, 32-33
health professionals’ responsibilities, 27
incidence/prevalence of, 26-27, 34
institutional, 36
licensure requirements, 55
mandatory education laws, 73, 231
mandatory reporting laws, 27, 68, 70-71, 218-225
outcomes of training on, 104-105
professionals’ perceptions of adequacy of training, 49-50
screening problems, 32
standardization of terminology, 34
survey of, 34
utilization of health care services, 32
Emergency departments
certification requirements, 56
outcomes of training, 100 n.10, 101, 102, 103, 104-105, 278-287, 292-293, 296-297
training programs, 64, 89, 234-235, 253, 263, 304-307
utilization of services, 13, 30, 31, 32
Emergency medical technicians, 86 n.4, 278-279
Emergency Nurses Association (ENA), 39, 61, 202
ERIC, 85
Evaluation of training efforts.
See also Outcomes of training
characteristics assessed, 88, 92-97
for child abuse and neglect, 9, 85, 86 nn.2,4, 87, 88-90, 92-93, 95-97, 98, 106, 151
conclusions of Committee, 6-7, 107, 146-147
current initiatives, 65
design issues, 6-7, 86-87 n.4, 90-91, 96-97, 98, 106, 107, 136, 146-147
follow-up component, 90, 95, 97
funding for, 3, 4, 85, 151-152, 159-160
infrastructure support for, 81
internal validity, 90-91
methodologies, 11, 90-92, 100, 103-104, 106
outcome measures, 7, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93-99, 146-147
population relevant to, 86
quality of evidence, 6-7, 105-107
quantitative comparisons, 92 n.8
quasi-experimental design, 7, 91, 96-97, 106, 107, 136, 146, 159
randomized field experiments, 90-91, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 147, 159
recommendations, 11, 143, 158-160
scope of Committee review, 19
search for studies, 85-87
time series and cohort studies, 91, 98
types of interventions, 57-58, 88-90
Evidence-based practice, 8, 134-137, 140, 149
F
Family Peace Project, 268
Family violence
data deficiencies, 2-3, 4, 33, 41 n.2, 145, 146
definitional issues, 4, 17-18, 21-27, 33-34
evidentiary requirements, 22, 146
health effects of, 1, 13-14, 28-33, 145
health professionals’ roles, 2, 4, 27-33
magnitude of problem, 1, 2-3, 4, 13, 21-22, 33, 109, 145, 146
prevention, 245
symptoms of, 48
types of, 17-18
underreporting of, 13-14
Family Violence Prevention and Services Act, 79
Family Violence Prevention Fund, 64, 66, 68, 82, 85 n.1, 254
Family Violence Task Force, 236, 258
Financial exploitation, 23, 27, 70
Florida, 38, 71, 73, 206-207, 218-219, 232, 248, 252, 255, 261
Florida International University, 255
Florida State University, 255
Food and Drug Administration, 77
Forensic services, 111-112, 118-119, 132, 242, 243, 246, 253
Fulgham v. State, 51
Funding issues, 3, 4-5, 74-80, 81, 83, 85, 142, 151-152, 159-160
G
Gender violence. See Intimate partner violence
George Washington University, 268
Geriatric Education Center Program, 40, 153
Geriatricians, 112
Gorman v. State, 51
Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, 67, 138, 148, 157, 255
H
Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, 255
Harvard Youth Violence Prevention Center, 152-153
Hawaii, 120, 208-209, 218-219, 240, 247
Hawaii Dental Hygienists’ Association, 240, 247
Health care providers, 67-68, 236, 248, 250, 252-254, 255, 258, 259, 260
Health Education Alliance (San Jose), 253
Health effects of family violence, 3-4, 13-14, 28-33, 145
Health insurance organizations, 9, 67, 150
Health professional organizations.
See also individual organizations
influence on training, 8, 9, 36, 37, 65, 82, 142, 149, 150
policies and guidelines on training, 27, 60-64, 197-204
recommended roles, 10, 156-157
Health professionals.
See also Training and education
beliefs about family violence, 8, 9, 47-49, 52, 59, 81, 149, 150
certification of, 56
clinical responsibility, 27
core competencies, 111, 114, 234-235
groups most likely to encounter victims, 2, 18, 89
legal responsibilities, 27
licensure requirements, 55
marginalization of, 53
outcomes of training, 99, 288-291, 306-307, 318-321
perceptions of training adequacy, 6, 14, 44, 47, 49-50, 57, 61, 64, 81, 87
personal experience with violence, 59, 81, 150
responses to family violence, 19, 56-60, 142
role assignments for providing care, 111-112, 139, 327-329
testimony in court, 118-119
time constraints, 57
vicarious traumatization, 59-60, 150
Health Professions Education Partnerships Act of 1998, 15
Health Research Services Administration, 61
Health Resources and Services Administration, 4, 74, 77, 115, 153, 156, 255
HealthPartners Family Violence Prevention Program, 260
Healthplan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS), 8, 131, 132, 134, 137-138, 140, 148, 149
Healthy People 2000 objectives, 79, 80
Hemenway, David, 152-153
Home visitors, 104-105, 234-235
Hospital Crisis Intervention Project, 256
Hospitalizations of abuse victims, 30-32
Human resources, for education and training, 80-81
I
Illinois, 208-209, 220-221, 239, 256
Indiana, 208-209, 220-221, 256
Indiana University School of Medicine, 256
Institute for Family Violence Studies, 255
Institute of Medicine, 3, 17, 105, 127, 143, 146, 151
Institutional culture and norms, 50-54, 81
Integrated Health Services, 248
Intimate partner violence
categories, 25
certification requirements, 55
children’s exposure to, 25, 28-29, 42
clinical outcomes, 103-104
common elements, 24
current educational initiatives, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43, 47, 84, 127, 250-268
deaths, 30
definitional issues, 25-26, 34
economic costs, 31-32
evaluation of training initiatives, 85, 86 n.2, 87, 88-90, 92, 93, 94-97, 98, 106-107
guidelines of health professional organizations on, 60-61
health effects, 30-32
incidence/prevalence of, 25, 30-31
mandatory education laws, 73, 232
mandatory reporting laws, 68, 69-70, 71, 72, 226-227
outcomes of training on, 100-104
perceptions of health professionals about, 47, 51-53, 57, 66
referral of victims, 57
research base, 49
response of health care system to, 66, 68
screening for, 57-58, 59, 89, 101-103
special populations, 26, 30, 60
standardization of terminology, 34
and utilization of health care services, 30-31
Intimate partners, defined, 23
Iowa, 73, 208-209, 220-221, 230, 231
J
John A. Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing Practice, 40
Johns Hopkins University, 76
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), 202
K
Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, 67, 132, 148, 157
Kemp Children’s Center, 244
Knowledge acquisition
andragogy principles, 123-124
behavioral models, 8, 122-123, 125-126, 128-130, 132-134, 148
cognitive heuristics, 124-125
evidence-based practice and, 136-137
Koop, C. Everett, 46-47
L
Law Enforcement Child Abuse Project of Philadelphia, 239
Liaison Commission on Medical Education (LCME), 194
Licensure, 8, 9, 40, 55, 149, 150
Louisiana, 208-209, 220-221, 240
Louisiana State University, 240-241, 257
M
Maltreatment, definitions of, 22
Mandatory education laws
child abuse curriculum, 73, 198, 230
health professionals affected by, 73
impacts, 73-74, 83, 149, 150-151
intimate partner violence, 73, 232
state standards, 229-232
Mandatory reporting laws
child abuse and neglect, 27, 52, 68, 69, 71, 118, 150-151, 206-217
for data collection purposes, 70-71
elder maltreatment, 27, 68, 70-71, 118, 218-225
health professionals responsible for, 27, 69, 70, 71
intimate partner violence, 68, 69-70, 71, 72, 118, 226-227
limits on, 69
standards, by state, 70, 205-227
and training of health professionals, 8, 9, 68-69, 72, 73, 82-83, 118, 149, 150-151
victims’ concerns about, 9, 72, 82-83, 150
March of Dimes, 257
Maryland, 208-209, 220-221, 257
Maryland Alliance Against Family Violence, 257
Maryland State Medical Society, 257
Massachusetts, 38-39, 210-211, 220-221, 241, 258-259
Massachusetts Medical Society, 259
Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 241
Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 115, 117
Maternal and child health providers, 250, 310-311
Mayerson Center for Safe and Healthy Children, 239
MEDCEU, 259
Medical Directions, Inc., 267
Medical Education Collaborative, 266
Medical Education Foundation, 252
Medical Legal Advisory Board on Child Abuse, 239
Medical schools
accreditation requirements, 194
evidence-based practice in, 135
professionals’ perceptions of adequacy of training, 49-50
Medical students
outcomes of training, 99, 100, 101, 270-275, 298-299, 318-319
training programs for, 35-36, 194, 234, 236, 237, 252, 259, 265, 268
Medical University of South Carolina, 76
MEDLINE, 85
Medulogic, 260
Mental health services
referral of victims for, 57
training initiatives, 40-42, 49-50, 132, 195, 236, 237, 258, 262
utilization, 31
Minnesota, 70, 210-211, 222-223, 260-261
N
National Association for Children of Alcoholics, 109-110
National Association of Orthopedic Nurses (NAON), 27, 203
National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners, Inc. (NAPNAP), 195
National Association of Social Workers (NASW), 60, 64, 203
National Association of State Units on Aging, 78
National Black Nurses’ Association, 61
National Board of Medical Examiners, 55
National Campaign Against Family Violence, 201
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), 154
National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN), 64, 77, 106
National Center on Elder Abuse, 78
National Centers of Excellence in Women’s Health, 256
National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN), 34
National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), 137
National Consortium on Violence Research, 75
National Council on Boards of Nursing, 55
National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, 34
National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 4, 76, 156
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 3, 75, 76, 143
National Institute on Aging (NIA), 34, 76, 77, 152
National Institute on Nursing Research, 76
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4, 34, 76-77, 80, 142, 156
National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC), 195
National Library of Medicine, 135
National Nursing Summit on Violence Against Women, 61
National Research Council (NRC), 18-19, 78, 105, 146, 151
Committee on National Statistics, 34
Committee on the Assessment of Family Violence Interventions, 3, 17, 127, 143
National Science Foundation (NSF), 76
National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center, 78-79
National Violence Against Women Survey, 25-26
Nebraska, 71, 210-211, 222-223
Network for Continuing Medical Education, 261
New Hampshire, 70 n.7, 210-211, 222-223
New Mexico, 120, 212-213, 222-223
New York State, 70, 73, 212-213, 230, 248
North Carolina, 70, 212-213, 222-223
Northern Illinois University, 76
Nova Southeastern University, 38, 241, 248, 261
Nurse midwives, 40, 56, 250, 257, 288-289
Nurse practitioners, 56, 195, 320-321
Nurses.
See also professional organizations
accreditation, 55
beliefs about family violence, 47-48, 59
core competencies, 111-112, 114-115, 117, 327-329
outcomes of training, 103, 278-279, 294-295, 308-309, 320-321
public health, 103, 294-295, 312-313, 320-321
sexual assault examiners, 111-112
training programs, 39-40, 49-50, 52-53, 64, 73, 76, 135, 136, 195, 199, 237, 253, 256, 257, 259, 260, 262, 267
victimization experiences, 59
Nursing Network on Violence Against Women International, 65
O
Office of Assistant Secretary for Health, 77
Office of Community Services, 75
Office of Justice Programs, 4, 156
Office of Minority Health, 255
Office on Child Abuse and Neglect (OCAN), 64, 77
Office on Women’s Health, 61
Ohio, 212-213, 222-223, 242, 247, 261
Ohio State Medical Association, 261
Ohio State University, 242
Oklahoma, 212-213, 222-223, 237
Oklahoma Principles, 110
Oregon, 38, 71, 212-213, 224-225, 261
Oregon Health Sciences University, 261
Osteoporosis, 32
Outcomes of training.
See also Patient outcomes
assessment instruments, 93-95
on child abuse, 28, 92-93, 95, 99-100, 317-325
clinical intervention practices, 9, 92-93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 103-104, 107, 292-297, 324-325
core competencies and, 113
on elder abuse, 104-105
on intimate partner violence, 92, 94, 95, 100-104, 270-315
knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, 7, 92-93, 94, 97, 98, 99-100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 270-291, 318-323
quality of care, 92, 103, 104, 137
research base on, 105-107, 141, 147
screening, identification, and detection, 92-93, 94-95, 97, 98, 101-103, 104, 105, 107, 298-315, 322-323, 324-325
supportive environment and, 10, 107, 147
systems approach and, 132
timing of measurements, 95-96
P
Pacific Business Group on Health, 67
Parkland Hospital (Dallas), 263
Patient outcomes.
See also Health effects of family violence;Outcomes of training
child abuse victims, 28
evidence-based practice and, 8, 136-137, 140, 148
Pediatric intensive care, 29-30
Pennsylvania, 41, 70, 127, 212-213, 238, 239, 262
Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 127
Perinatal hospital staff, 282-285, 296-297, 308-309
Phelps, Tony, 152
Philadelphia Child Fatality Review Team, 239
Philadelphia Family Violence Working Group, 262
Physical abuse, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 245
Physician assistants
accreditation requirements, 55, 196
policy statements of professional organizations, 198-199
training programs, 38, 89, 241, 248, 253, 261
Physicians.
See also Continuing medical education; Medical students; Residency training programs
Physicians for a Violence-Free Society, 65, 262
Physicians for Social Responsibility, 262
Policy statements of professional organizations, 198
Post-traumatic stress syndrome, 30, 59-60
Pregnancy, unintended, 30
Pregnant women, as victims of abuse, 26, 30, 60, 103, 251, 257
Prenatal health clinic staff, 296-297, 314-315
Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family, 40, 50, 61, 64
Prevent Abuse and Neglect Through Dental Awareness (PANDA), 38
Prevent Child Abuse America, 29
Primary care team members, 101, 102, 255, 290-291, 296-297, 314-315
Privacy of family matters, 51-53
Professional organizations. See Health professional organizations
Professional Resource Press, 262
Program Against Sexual Violence, 261
Protective order statutes, 51
PSYCHInfo database, 85
Psychological/emotional abuse, 22-24, 28
Psychologists.
See also Mental health services
accreditation, 55
beliefs about family violence, 47-48
core competencies, 117
training programs, 40-42, 49-50, 195, 234-235, 236, 237, 258, 262
vicarious traumatization, 60
Public Health Services Act, 75
Public health staff training, 103, 135, 136, 237, 294-295, 312-313, 320-321
R
Recommendations
developing, testing, and evaluating training programs, 10-11, 157-158
education and research centers, 5-6, 152-156
evaluation methodologies, 158-160
health professional organizations’ roles, 10, 156-157
of prior studies, 143-144, 152
Referral of family violence victims, 19
Reporting of abuse.
See also Mandatory reporting laws
by dentists, 71
immunity for, 69
mandatory education laws and, 73
voluntary, 69
Reproductive health care providers, 237, 250, 252
Research on family violence.
See also Evaluation of training efforts
adequacy of, 3, 9, 16, 45, 49, 108-109, 112-118, 141-142
mandatory reporting laws, 72
response to prior recommendations, 2-3, 143-144
survey methods and populations, 22
victim partnerships in, 66, 67
Residency Review Committees (RRC), 36, 117, 194
Residency training programs
accreditation requirements, 194
child abuse and neglect, 36-37, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240-241, 242, 245, 246
core competencies, 117
intimate partner violence, 36, 37, 251, 255, 256
outcomes of, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 136, 274-277, 280-281, 292-293, 298-303, 318-319
perceptions of adequacy of training, 49-50
policy statement of professional organizations, 198
Rhode Island, 70, 212-213, 224-227, 236
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 142
S
Sacred Heart Medical Center (Spokane), 268
Same-sex relationships, violence in, 26, 42
Screening for family violence
assessment/diagnostic tools, 88, 89-90, 94-95, 102, 103
defined, 19
disciplinary policies, 103
for elder maltreatment, 32
for intimate partner violence, 57-58, 59, 89, 101-103
as outcome measure of training, 92-93, 94-95, 97, 98, 101-103, 298-315, 322-323, 324-325
personal experiences of professionals and, 59
professional organizations’ recommendations, 60-61, 64
reimbursement policies, 67-68
training and, 46 n.1, 57-58, 88
Select Media, 263
Sexual abuse
certification requirements, 56
of children, 24, 28, 29, 40, 42, 64, 237, 242, 245
costs of health care, 29
defined, 23
of intimate partners, 26, 31, 36
licensure requirements, 55
training and education on, 36, 237, 242, 245
Sexual assault, 36, 53, 64, 67, 111-112
Shaken baby syndrome, 28
Social workers
accreditation, 55
beliefs about family violence, 47-48, 52-53
certification, 56
outcomes of training, 320-325
referrals to, 57
training programs, 42-43, 49-50, 64, 73, 136, 196, 237, 244, 245, 253, 255, 257, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267-268
Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), 263
Society for Adolescent Medicine, 117
Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, 120
Sociological Abstracts, 85
South Carolina, 214-215, 224-225
Spousal abuse. See Intimate partner violence
St. Joseph’s Hospital (Phoenix), 242
State University of New York, 243
State v. Jones, 52
State Victim Compensation and Assistance Fund, 77
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, 77
Suicide/suicidal behavior, 29, 30
Survey methods, 86 n.3
Syracuse University Health Center, 243
Systems change models, 127-132, 139-140, 148, 148-149
T
Tallahassee Memorial Regional Medical Center, 255
Team for Children at Risk, 243
Terra Nova Films (ELDER), 248
Training and education.
See also Barriers to training;Continuing medical education; Evaluation of training efforts; Knowledge acquisition;Medical schools; Residency training programs
academic detailing, 128-129, 130
accreditation requirements and, 8, 9, 54-55, 81, 84-85, 131, 132, 149, 150, 194-196
adequacy of, 1, 14, 44, 47, 49-50, 87, 146
adult education principles, 8, 123-124, 139
advocacy groups and, 64, 66, 80, 82, 134, 149, 150
amount of, 35-36
assessment/diagnostic tools, 88
behavioral change models, 7-8, 107, 125-126, 139-140, 148
booster sessions, 133
capacity building strategies, 141-145, 152-156
case-based methods, 67
certification requirements and, 8, 9, 56, 61, 81, 149, 150
collaborative programs, 108, 110, 127, 129, 130, 144-144, 237
conclusions of Committee, 6, 43-44
content, see Core competencies
current initiatives, 35-44, 233-268
definitional issues, 18-19
effectiveness of, 84
environmental enabling factors, 129-132, 133
evidence-based practice and, 8, 133-134, 135-136, 137, 148, 149
formal, 86
funding issues, 4-5, 74-80, 81, 83, 151-152
health care providers/payers and, 67-68, 80, 82
HEDIS and, 8, 131, 132, 134, 137-138, 140, 148, 149
incentives for participation, 58-59, 129, 132
interactive meetings, 129, 130, 148
intervention planning models, 128-129
learning organizations and, 133
licensure requirements and, 8, 9, 55, 81, 149, 150
mandatory education laws and, 8, 9, 73-74, 83, 149, 150-151
mandatory reporting laws and, 8, 9, 68-72, 73, 82-83, 149, 150-151
materials, 41-42, 60, 81, 253, 254
organizational environment, 129, 131-132, 133
outcome measurement and reporting and, 8, 134, 140, 148
perceptions of adequacy, 87
political considerations, 79-80
practice environment, 129-132
precede/proceed model, 128-133
predisposing factors, 128, 130, 132, 133
professional organizations’ influence on, 47, 60-64, 65, 82
recognition of need for, 46-48
recommendations, 10-11, 154-155, 157-158
reflective practice, 133
reinforcing factors, 131, 132-133, 148
responsibility for developing, testing, and evaluating, 10-11, 157-158
scope of Committee assessment, 15-17, 19
teaching strategies, 6, 7-8, 19, 36, 37, 39 n.1, 44, 67, 88, 89, 126, 127-132, 139-140, 146, 148, 234-268
time allocated for, 6, 35-36, 37, 39, 40, 44, 49-50, 73, 88, 146
victim participation in, 66-67, 80, 82
U
University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 252
California at Davis, 243
California at Los Angeles, 101
Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 256
Cincinnati, 239
Colorado Hospital, 244
Connecticut Health Center Domestic Violence Training Project, 254
Iowa, 263
Kentucky, 264
Maryland Medical System, 244
Massachusetts Medical School, 259
New Hampshire, 76
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 245
Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 77, 237
St. Thomas, 253
Washington, 255
Unwarranted control, defined, 23
U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect (ABCAN), 3, 141-142, 143
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 3, 4, 5, 29, 34, 61, 74-75, 78, 79, 120, 143, 152, 153, 156
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 76
U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), 4, 29, 78, 156
U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO), 6, 156
U.S. Healthcare, 266
U.S. Public Health Service, 61
Utilization of health care services
child abuse victims, 13, 29-30
by elder abuse victims, 13, 32
for intimate partner violence, 13, 30-31
mandatory reporting laws and, 71
V
Vanderbilt University, 246
Vantage Professional Education, 267
Victim Assistance and Law Enforcement Fund, 77
Victims.
See also Health effects of family violence; Patient outcomes
concerns about mandatory reporting laws, 9, 72, 82-83, 150
defined, 23
disclosure of abuse, 59
noncompliance with medical advice, 58, 59
research partnerships with, 66, 67
response of health care system to, 66, 142
training involvement, 66-67, 150
Victims of Crime Act, 79
Violence against women. See Intimate partner violence
Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), 78, 79
Violence Intervention Prevention (VIP) Center, 263
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, 78
Virtual Lecture Hall, 267
W
Washburn University, 267-269
Washington, DC. See District of Columbia
Washington Business Group on Health, 67
Washington State, 214-215, 224-225, 268
West Virginia, 214-215, 224-225
Western Schools, Inc., 246
Wisconsin, 70, 216-217, 248, 249, 268
Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 248, 249
W.K. Kellogg Foundation Fellowships in Health Policy Research, 142
WomanKind program, 85 n.1
Women
childhood victimization, 29
costs of health care, 29
intimate partner violence, 14, 30, 72, 60-61, 62-63, 64
untreated victims, 14
Work Group on the Prevention of Violence During Pregnancy, 251
Working Group on Implications for Education and Training of Child Abuse and Neglect, 41, 50, 81, 236
World Psychiatric Association, 27
Y
Young adults, 26
