Absolute reference frame, 27-28, 31
Acceleration, 31-32
Adams Prize, 101
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, 234-235
Albert Einstein Award, 187, 188
Albrecht, Andreas, 185-186, 275-278
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
assistive devices for, 1, 2-3, 69, 90, 96, 117, 118, 155, 158-161, 196, 198, 236-237, 267-268, 283, 285, 287, 316
charities, 310-311
susceptibility to infection, 232, 235
symptoms and progression, viii, 1, 3, 57, 59-61, 69, 71, 88, 90, 91, 96-97, 116, 117, 118, 126, 155, 156-157, 171-172, 191, 224, 230, 232-236, 265
Amblin Entertainment (USA), 280
American Booksellers Association, 238
Amis, Kingsley, 10
Anglia Television, 279
Anthropic cosmology, 216-219, 261
Anthropic principle, 218
Antiparticles/antimatter, 147-148
Apocalypse Now (film), 190
Appleyard, Brian, 313-314
Armstrong, Neil, 100
Aspen music festival, 304-305
Aspire (Appeal for the Professor of Disability and Technology), 311
Astronomy. See also Black holes; Cosmology; Pulsars; Quasars; Stars; Universe
X-ray, 136
At Home in France (Jane Hawking), 318
Atomic structures, 76, 80, 147-148
Back to the Future (films), 280, 299
Balliol, 45
Bantam Books, vii, 223-227, 231-232, 237, 242, 243, 245, 277
Bantam UK, 238-239
Barty-King, Mark, 238-239, 244
Batchelor, George, 64-65
BBC, viii, 9, 172, 204-205, 279, 290
Bekenstein, Jacob, 123-124, 129, 142-143, 146, 149
Bell, Jocelyn, 107-108
Bell Laboratories, 111-112
Berman, Maureen, 49
Berman, Robert, 42, 49, 53, 55, 173-174, 191, 283
Beyond the Black Hole: Hawking’s Universe (Boslough), 124
Beyond the Fringe, 46
Big Bang theory. See also Universe
and black holes, 79-80, 82-83, 104, 135, 139, 143, 144-145, 149-150, 178-179, 212-213
cosmic strings, 295-296
Hoyle’s objection to, 66-67, 143
mathematics, 115-116
microwave background radiation, 86, 109-112, 113-114
nucleosyntheisis process, 82-86, 112-114
quantum theory applied to, 177-180, 181, 184-186
and religion, 200
Birkbeck College (London), 70, 101, 114
Black holes
artificially created, 213-214
Big Bang and, 79-80, 82-83, 104, 135, 139, 143, 144-145, 149-150, 178-179, 212-213
binary systems, 136-138
cosmic string, 295-296, 297, 300
dead stars, 148
exploding, 130, 143, 148, 149-150, 151, 178-179, 208
Fahri-Guth hypothesis, 212-213, 214
formation, 74, 77, 78, 139, 144
general theory of relativity and, 107, 109, 148, 150, 175, 255
gravitational waves, 139-140, 142, 145-146, 148, 209, 211-212
Hawking’s theories, viii, 22-23, 94-95, 104, 121-123, 127, 128-131, 135, 138-139, 143-144, 148, 154, 162, 171, 172, 175, 178-179, 188, 208, 255, 272, 293
horizon/accretion disc, 107, 135, 136, 139, 140-141, 142-143, 149, 209-211, 214
mathematical model, 124-125, 139, 140-141, 146, 178-179
in Milky Way Galaxy, 135-136, 137-138
miniholes, 143-145, 148-150, 213-214
mysticism, 170
quantum theory and, 76, 77-78, 127, 128-129, 145, 146-147, 148, 149, 150, 175, 178-180, 209, 214, 255
radiation from, 129-131, 133, 136, 137, 140-141, 146, 149, 150, 175, 188, 209-210, 214, 301, 303
Schwarzchild radius and, 77-78
singularity theory, 77, 78, 79-80, 82-83, 106, 114-116, 122, 135, 139, 142-143, 178-180
Soviet research, 128, 131-132, 146
spacetime distortions, 74, 75, 78, 79, 82, 114-115, 122, 139-140
thermodynamics, 122-124, 139, 141-143, 146, 148, 149, 172
universe as, 79-80, 82-83, 104, 143, 144
wormholes between, 294
Black Holes and Baby Universes (Hawking), 306
Black Holes and Time Warps (Thorne), 294
Blunt, Anthony, 190
Blott, Barry, 19
Bohr, Niels, 177
Born, Max, 262
Brief History of Time, A (Hawking)
controversies, 250, 275-278, 315
marketing, 240, 241-242, 243, 250
negotiations with publishers, 223, 224-227, 237-239
motivation for, 220-221, 227, 228, 258, 280, 305-306, 307, 314
sales and success, vii-viii, 4, 128, 241, 242, 243, 244-251, 270, 274-275, 305-306, 307, 308-309, 320
Web sites, 312
writing and publication, 222, 223, 228-229-230, 231-233, 235, 237, 240-241, 267
Brin, David, 214
Bristol University, 274
British Telecom (BT), 308
Broglie, Louis de, 36
Bruno, Giordano, 167
Bubble/baby universes, 209-218, 261, 293
Caius College (Cambridge), 87-90, 92-93, 99, 126, 153, 173, 198
Calder, Nigel, 172
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 138, 152-155, 226, 257, 297
Cambridge and Cambridge University, 45, 46
Caius College, 87-90, 92-93, 99, 126, 153, 173, 198
Camerata concert in Hawking’s honor, 273
Cavendish Laboratory, 64
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), 64-65, 66, 70, 92, 93, 97, 126, 133, 158, 162, 188-190, 195-199, 221, 265, 274, 312
Gravitational Physics Chair, 173
Hawking’s doctoral studies at, viii, 53, 57-59, 60-61, 62, 63, 64-68, 71-73
honorary doctorate for S.H., 272-273
Kings College, 271
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, 188-190, 191, 195, 216, 252, 261-262, 263-264, 275
media resistance and conservatism in, 282
Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy, 216
radio astronomy, 105, 107-108, 118-121
setting and atmosphere, 56, 65-66, 155, 163
Observatories, 118
Varsity magazine, 316
World War II, 5
Cambridge University Press, 126-128, 188, 203-204, 220-223, 225
Campbell, Anne, 316
Campbell, Joseph, 170
Carbon-12, 112-113
Carter, Brandon, 64, 71, 90, 93, 123, 143
Castro, Fidel, 40
Catholic Church, 162, 180, 201-203
Cavendish Laboratory (Cambridge), 64
Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, 314
CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research), 30, 232-233, 254
Chandler, Raymond, 40
Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan, 188
Channel 4 TV (London), 279-280, 285
Chapman, Mark, 202
Charles, Prince, 204
China, Hawking’s lecture tour, 265
Christchurch, 45
Chronology protection conjecture, 298, 300, 303
Churchill, Winston, 5
Civil Rights Bill (UK), 311
Cleese, John, 190
Clinton, Bill, 316
Cleghorn, Bill, 9
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (film) , 280
Commander of the British Empire (CBE), 4, 204
Combined Cadet Force (St. Albans), 16-17
Communications in Mathematical Physics (journal), 123, 143
Compactification theory, 259-261
Companion to A Brief History of Time (Hawking), 306
Concorde (British), 100
Consistent histories approach, 299-300
Contact (Sagan), 296
Contraction, universal, 33, 80, 81, 115-116, 181, 182-183, 267
Cornell University, 184
Cosmic censorship hypothesis, 115, 116
Cosmic egg/primeval atom concept, 80-81
Cosmic string, 295-296, 297, 300
Cosmology. See also Big Bang theory; Grand Unified Theories; Universe
Big Bang, 111-114
classical, 21-39, 127-128, 253
defined, 35
general theory of relativity and, 21, 22, 26, 28-33, 38, 58, 79-80, 81, 105, 107, 181, 184
mathematics and, 21-22, 177, 180
models of universe, 81-82, 183-186
Newtonian physics and, 21-22, 23-26, 28, 29, 33, 38, 166, 253, 261
public awareness about, 227, 280
pulsar discovery and, 22
quantum theory and, 22, 29, 34-35, 76, 77, 176-180, 181, 218-219
spacetime concept, 29-32
special theory of relativity and, 26, 28-30, 31, 32, 84, 105, 147, 253, 302
thermodynamics in, 83, 84-85, 109, 111, 113, 184-185
Creation of the Univere (Gamow), 109
Cuban Missile Crisis, 57
Daily Telegraph, 205
DAMTP. See Cambridge University
Dannie Heinemann Prize, 162
Dark matter, 216
Desert Island Discs, 307-308
Deuterium, 84-85
Dicke, Robert, 111
Dilke, Fischer, 120-121
Dirac, Paul, 262
Dirac’s equation, 262
Disabled people, Hawking’s activism for, 192-195, 273-274, 310-311
Division Bell (Pink Floyd album), 312
Dix, Norman, 50
Donovan, Bob, 93
Dow, Graham, 14
Duke University, 14
E.T. (film), 280
Eddington, Arthur, 221
Eddington Medal, 162
Efstathiou, George, 159-160
Einstein, Albert
at Caltech, 153
electromagnetic theory, 28, 35-36
on Galileo, 189
general theory of relativity, 21, 22, 26, 31-33, 58, 74, 75, 101, 105, 253, 258, 293-294
and GUT, 175
Hawking compared to, 97, 101, 120, 132, 190, 230, 231, 250, 280, 309, 311, 313
Nobel Prize, 35
Royal Albert Hall lecture, 309
special theory of relativity, 26, 28-30, 31, 84, 253, 302
Einstein-Rosen bridge, 293-294, 296.
See also Wormholes
Electromagnetiism, 26-28, 35-36, 253, 302
Electrons, 76, 147-148, 176, 257, 262
Electroweak theory, 254-255
Elizabeth II (Queen), 4, 190, 204, 272
Ellis, George, 64, 71, 94-96, 100, 126-127
ESP (extrasensory perception), 14-15, 170
Eton, 45
Event horizon, 107, 135, 136, 139, 140-141, 143, 149, 209-211, 214
Exotic matter, 295
Expansion, universal, 33, 34-35, 38, 39, 66-67, 79, 80-86, 105, 106, 109, 116, 182, 209-210, 219
Fahri-Guth hypothesis, 212-213, 214
Feaver, Canon, 16
Ferguson, Kitty, 229
Fermilab (Chicago), 227, 265-267, 278
Feynman, Richard, 153, 154, 176, 177-178, 180, 226, 314-315
Finlay, Mr. (schoolmaster), 10
First Three Minutes, The (Weinberg), 81-82, 111
Fletcher, Christopher, 19
“Four Laws of Black Hole Mechanics” (Hawking, Carter, and Bardeen), 123, 143
Franklin Institute (USA), 275
Free will and determinism, 24-25, 299
Freedman, Daniel, 224
Freedman, Gordon, 279, 280, 284
Friction, 23
Galaxies, formation of, 144-145
Galilei, Galileo, 5, 101, 167, 180, 189, 201, 250
Galileo space probe, 145-146
Gamow, George, 109
Gates, Bill, 316
Gehrig, Lou, 60
Gell-Mann, Murray, 125
General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey (Haewking and Israel), 188
Gibbons, Gary, 196, 209-210, 283
Glass, Philip, 284
Gluons, 256
Gold, Thomas, 66
Golding, William, 10
Gore, Al, 316
Gott, Richard, 210
Graham, Billy, 14
Grand Unified Theories (GUT)
compactification theory and, 259-261
computers and, 263
Dirac’s equation and, 262
electroweak theory and quantum chromodynamics, 254-255
gravity in (super-unified theory), 22, 175-176, 253, 255-258
Hawking and, 129, 139, 150, 169, 172, 175, 187, 189, 231-232, 252, 255, 256, 257-258, 261-262, 263-264
Newtonian physics and Maxwell’s equations, 253, 260, 261
quantum electrodynamics and Maxwell’s equations, 253-254
relativity theory and quantum mechanics, 22, 38-39, 129, 139, 150, 151, 172, 175-176, 181, 187, 189, 231-232, 253-254, 255, 261-262
scientific process in forming, 258-259
string theory and superstring theory and, 257-258, 259-260, 261, 263
supergravity theory and, 256-258
Gravitational energy, 211-213, 215-218
Gravity
acceleration and, 31-32
black holes and, 139-140, 142, 145-146, 148, 209, 211-212
and bubble universes, 209, 211-212, 215-217
general theory of relativity and, 22, 26, 31-32, 253
in GUT, 22, 175-176, 253, 255-258
Newton’s law, 23, 25-26, 32, 166, 253
particles, 256
quantum, 29, 76, 77, 175-176, 255-256, 258, 303
Rees’ theory, 216-218
and spacetime distortions, 77, 136, 139-140, 301
superstring theory, 257
and time travel, 301
Gravity Research Foundation (USA), 150-151, 186
Green, Michael, 259
Gribbin, John, 108, 114, 150-151
Guth, Alan, 184, 208, 212-213, 214
Guzzardi, Peter, 223-230, 231, 237, 240-241, 243, 267
Halley Lecture, 159-160
Harrow, 45
Hartle, James, 180
Hawking, Edward (brother), 13
Hawking, Frank (father), 5-6, 7-8, 11, 12, 13, 18, 41-42, 59, 63, 90, 99
Hawking, Isobel (mother), 5-6, 11, 12, 13, 16, 90, 99, 247-248, 269, 283, 319
Hawking (née Wilde), Jane (first wife)
books, 318
domestic life, 91, 94-96, 98-99, 125, 154-155, 156-157, 161-162, 163, 190, 200, 206, 283
education and career, 92, 94, 95, 99, 162-164, 190, 206, 235, 318
engagement and marriage, 60, 63-64, 70, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 114
interests and hobbies, 100
political views, 195
spiritual issues, 165-169, 286, 290
separation and divorce, 285-291, 305, 312
and Stephen’s remarriage, 290, 317-318
support for husband, 88, 91, 95, 96, 97, 98-99, 117, 154-155, 156-157, 163, 164, 191, 200, 233, 235-236, 241-242, 285-286, 290
Hawking, Lucy (daughter), 121, 140, 155, 161, 200, 205, 283, 288, 290-291
Hawking, Mary (sister), 13, 63
Hawking, Philippa (sister), 13
Hawking Radiation, 129-131, 133, 136, 137, 140-141, 146, 149, 150, 175, 188, 209-210, 214, 301, 303
Hawking, Robert (son), 98, 155, 161, 205, 287-288, 318
Hawking, Stephen
activism for disabled people, 192-195, 273-274, 310-311
on alien visitations, 316
ALS symptoms and progression, viii, 1, 3, 57, 59-61, 69, 71, 88, 90, 91, 96-97, 116, 117, 118, 126, 155, 156-157, 171-172, 191, 224, 230, 232-236, 265
assistive devices for ALS, 1, 2-3, 69, 90, 96, 117, 118, 155, 158-161, 196, 198, 236-237, 267-268, 283, 285, 287, 316, 320
attitudes about his illness, viii, 61-63, 69, 70, 71, 97-98, 114, 117, 119-121, 166, 192-194, 267, 308
black-hole theories, viii, 22-23, 94-95, 104, 121-123, 127, 128-131, 135, 138-139, 143-144, 148, 154, 162, 171, 172, 175, 178-179, 188, 208, 255, 272, 293
books, viii, 4, 126-128, 173, 188, 203-204, 219, 220, 221, 300, 306-307;
see also Brief History of Time
Caius College fellowship, 87-90, 92-93, 99, 126, 173
at Caltech, 152-155
at Cavendish Laboratory, 64
as celebrity, vii-viii, 2-4, 20, 120, 125, 132-133, 154, 172, 194, 230-231, 243-244, 246, 267, 270-274, 279-285
children and fatherhood, 98, 121, 155, 161, 163-164, 190, 192, 200, 221, 274, 287-288, 290-291, 312, 318, 320
collaborators, 101-102, 104, 115-116, 121-123, 124, 125, 126-127, 129-130, 154
confrontations with other scientists, 122-123, 131, 161, 275-278
Cornell University summer school, 91-92
cosmological models, 38-39, 67-68, 72, 151, 167, 175-176, 177, 180-184, 201, 202, 207, 211, 218-219, 267, 276
at Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), viii, 1, 3, 92, 93, 97, 126, 133, 158, 162, 188-190, 195-199, 221, 265, 270, 271, 274, 283, 288, 290, 309
doctoral studies at Cambridge, 57-59, 60-61, 62, 63, 64-68, 71-73
endorsements, 308, 309, 310-311, 316-317
father’s influence, 13, 18, 41-42, 59, 63, 90, 96
friends, 9, 13, 14, 18, 19, 46, 59-60, 63-64, 93, 94-95, 98, 99, 100-101, 124-125, 133-134, 158, 168, 307
and GUT, 128-129, 139, 150, 169, 172, 175, 187, 189, 231-232, 252, 255, 256, 257-258, 261-262, 263-264
home environment, 11-12, 59, 92-93, 94, 156
honors, prizes, and awards, 4, 14, 49, 53-54, 101, 133-134, 150-151, 152, 162, 173-174, 186, 187-189, 193, 204, 270, 272-273, 275, 285
and inflation theory, 275-278
at Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, 118-121
interests and hobbies, 9-11, 14-16, 17-18, 49-51, 119, 125-126, 200, 226, 269-270, 304, 308, 316
interviews and articles, 133, 205, 223-224, 244-245, 252, 270, 281-283, 289, 307-308
lectures and travels, 94-95, 125, 130-131, 159-160, 171-172, 189, 199-200, 227-228, 252, 261-262, 265-267, 268-269, 271, 309-310, 312, 314, 319-320
Little St. Mary’s Lane house, 93-94, 96-97, 99, 156
on lotteries, 318
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, 188-190, 191, 195, 216, 252, 261-262, 263-264, 275
LUCE computer, 19-20
marriage and domestic life, viii, 70, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95-96, 99, 114, 117, 155, 156-157, 164, 190, 199, 205, 285-291
mentors and heroes, 10, 49, 58-59, 65, 88-89
as metaphor for his work, 171
mother’s influence, 13, 90, 247-248
nursing assistance, 1, 157-158, 163, 200, 204, 205-206, 221, 232-233, 235-236, 242, 268, 270, 274, 285-286, 287, 312
as Oxford Scholar and Fellow, 38-39, 40-55, 118, 173-174
papers authored by, 122, 143, 150-151
personal characteristics, 1-2, 8-9, 16, 17-18, 46-49, 50, 51, 52-53, 54-55, 58, 60, 70, 88, 90, 97-98, 119, 120-121, 124-126, 138, 154, 159-160, 161, 193-194, 229, 230, 268-269, 278, 290-291, 320-321
portrait, 272
public appearances, 304-305, 307-308, 309-310, 311, 312
and religion and philosophy, 2-3, 14-16, 62, 165-171, 172, 183, 201-203, 271, 272, 284, 286, 306, 309, 313-315
remarriage to Ellen Mason, 287, 305, 317-318, 319
reputation and prestige, 89, 97, 98, 114, 118, 120, 125, 127-128, 150-151, 157, 188, 191, 230, 236, 313
research assistants, 157-158, 227-228, 232-233, 268, 269-270, 271
at St. Albans School, 8-11, 16-20, 52
scientific/cognitive approach, 101-103, 124-125
and singularity theory, 70, 94-95, 101-102, 104, 114-116, 122, 135, 267, 293
spacetime theories, 116, 141, 181, 182-183, 207-208, 292, 293, 297, 298, 300, 303
speech/voice, 2, 69, 126-127, 161, 171-172, 191, 227-228, 233-234, 235, 236-237, 267-268, 283-284
as superstar, 304-321
in Switzerland, 232-234
teaching and administrative loads, 164-165, 197-199, 228, 265
on terrorism, 315
TV series, documentaries and films, viii, 120, 133, 172, 204-205, 270-271, 279-285, 308
in USA, 91-92, 94-96, 152-155, 171-172, 227
in USSR, 128
vacations and leisure activities, 10-11, 12-13, 95-96, 100-101, 191
Web sites, 312
West Road home, 156, 157-158, 161, 286, 290
and Westminister School, 7-8
wheelchair antics, 125-126, 158-161, 230, 242, 270-271
Hawking, Timothy (son), 161, 190, 205, 237, 245, 283, 287, 288, 289, 318
Hawking-Penrose theorems, 116
Heath, Edward, 121
Heisenberg, Werner, 37
Hellyer-Jones, Jonathan, 318
Hewish, Anthony, 188
Hitler, Adolf, 5
Hodgkin, Alan, 133
Holly, Buddy, 40
Hopkins Prize, 162
Hoyle, Fred, 53, 58, 66-68, 112-114, 116, 118, 143
Hubble, Edwin, 34
Hughes Medal, 162
Huxley, Aldous, 10
Huxley, Julian, 5
IBM, 153
Illustrated Brief History of Time (Hawking), 306
Independent (magazine), 247
Indeterminism and disorder, 142
Inertial frames of reference, 29
Inflation theories, 183-186
Albrecht-Steinhard controversy, 185-186, 275-278
chaotic, 208-209
continual, 207-208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 217, 219
Institute for Physical Problems (USSR), 128, 131-132
Institute of (Theoretical) Astronomy, 118-121, 128, 130, 158
Intel, 316
Inverse square law, 23, 25-26, 33
Israel, 272
Jacob, Maurice, 233
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 153, 190
John Paul II (pope), 201-203
John XXIII (pope), 201
Kelvin, William, Lord, 122
Key to the Universe (program and book), 172
Kennedy, John F., 57
King’s College (Cambridge)
King’s College (London), 66, 71, 88, 151
Kolb, Edward, 265-267
Labor Party, 13, 46, 121, 195, 316
Lady Chatterley’s Lover (Lawrence), 100
Laflamme, Raymond, 232-233
Large Scale Structure of Spacetime (Hawking and Ellis), 126-127, 173, 203, 204
Lawrence, D. H., 99
Length contraction, 31
Lennon, John, 202
Lewis, C. S., 10
Lewis and Rose Strauss Memorial Fund, 187
Liebnitz, Gottfried, 276
Light
behavior of, 26-27, 28-29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35-36, 74, 79, 253, 301
speed of, 26-27, 28-29, 30, 215, 253, 301
in wormholes, 301
Young’s two-hole experiment, 176-177
Linde, Andrei, 184-185, 208, 210, 250-251, 275, 276
Little Green Men, 108
Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos (Overbye), 170
Lou Gehrig’s disease. See ALS
LUCE (Logical Uniselector Computing Engine) computer, 19-20
Lynden-Bell, Donald, 118
Lynn, Vera, 5
MacLaine, Shirley, 2-4
Macmillan, Harold, 46
Maddox, John, 245
Marsh, William Thomas, 16-17
Mason, David, 267-268, 287, 317, 318
Mason, Elaine, 287, 289, 305, 317-318
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 224
Master of the Universe (TV documentary), 270-271, 279, 290-291
Mathematical Society (St. Albans), 19-20
Matter duplicators, 300
Maxwell Prize, 162
Maxwell’s equations, 26, 27, 28, 30, 253-254, 260, 261
McClenahan, John, 9, 13, 18, 19, 46, 59, 63
Meta-universe, 208-209, 210, 218
Microsoft, 316
Microwave background radiation, 86, 109-112, 113-114, 116, 184, 208
Milky Way Galaxy, 34, 78, 106, 135, 137-138
Millikan, Robert, 153
Mitton, Simon, 118, 119, 120-121, 127, 128, 188, 203, 220-223, 240
Momentum of particles, 35-36
Monroe, Marilyn, 57, 270, 283, 289, 312
Moon landing, 100
Morris, Errol, 280-281, 281-283, 284, 306
Morris, Michael, 296-297
Mother Theresa of Calcutta, 190
Motion, Newton’s laws of, 23-24, 27, 30, 32
Motor neuron disease. See ALS
Mount Palomar Observatory (California), 105
Mount Wilson (California), 153
Mountbatten, Lord, 190
Music to Move the Stars (Jane Hawking), 318
National Bureau for Handicapped Studients, 274
National Lottery (UK), 316
National Portrait Gallery, 272
National Science Foundation, 277
National Service (UK), 46
Nature (journal), 131, 150, 244, 245-246
Needham, Joseph, 89
Negative tension, 295-296
Neutron stars, 22, 76-77, 80, 108-109, 137, 269
New York Times, 205, 223-224, 226
New York University, 204
Newton, Isaac, 21, 23, 89, 101, 166, 189, 190, 250, 259, 276, 278, 311, 312, 313
Newtonian physics, 21-22, 23-26, 28, 29, 32, 33, 38, 166, 253, 260, 261
No-boundary model, 168, 169, 181-182, 201, 207, 211, 218-219, 286
“No hair” theorem, 140
Nobel, Alfred, 187-188
Nobel laureates, 35, 111, 113, 125, 133, 153, 187, 188, 190, 226, 231, 314
Norton (publisher), 226
Notre Dame University, 204
Nucleons, 85-86
Nucleosyntheisis process, 82-86, 112-114
Oasis (pop music group), 316
Observatory (magazine), 292-293
OK Computer (Radiohead), 312
Ono, Yoko, 202
Overbye, Dennis, 101-102, 122, 170, 197
Oxford University
class system, 41, 45-46, 47, 51
examinations, 40-43, 47-48, 53-55
Lucy Hawking at, 288
scholarships and exhibitions, 41-42, 43
scouts, 44-45
Steven Hawking at, 40-55, 159-160, 173-174
World War II, 4-6
Page, Don, 154, 157-158, 168, 191, 267, 284
Particle accelerators, 30, 147, 254
Path integral (sum-over-histories) theory, 176-178, 180, 181-182, 218-219, 299
Penrose, Roger, 70, 71-72, 88, 101-102, 104, 114-115, 116, 119-120, 122, 123, 125, 129-130, 132, 139-141, 145, 146, 175, 199-200, 272
Penzias, Arno, 111-112
Philip, Prince, 272
Photoelectric effect, 35
See also Light
Physical Review (journal), 267
Physical Review Letters (journal), 297, 302
Physics Today (journal), 278
Physics World (journal), 313
Pink Floyd, 312
Pius XI Medal, 162
Pius XII (pope)
Planck length, 179, 180, 253-254, 293, 294
Planck, Max, 36
Planck’s constant, 36, 37-38, 147, 179, 215
Planck time, 147, 179, 183, 253-254, 302
Polchinski, Joe, 298
Pontifical Academy of Science (Rome), 162, 200, 201
Popper, Karl, 101
Positrons, 147-148
Post-Scripts to the News, 5
Priestley, J. B., 5
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), 254-255, 256, 257
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), 147, 179, 180, 183, 253-254
Quantum physics
and antiparticles, 147-148
and Big Bang theory, 177-180, 181, 184-186
and black holes, 76, 77-78, 127, 128-129, 145, 146-147, 148, 149, 150, 175, 178-180, 209, 214, 255
and bubble universes, 212, 215
and cosmology, 22, 29, 35-36, 76, 77, 176-180, 181, 218-219
Dirac’s equation, 262
everyday applications, 38
and gravity, 29, 76, 77, 175-176, 255-256, 258, 303
and Newton’s laws, 37
and parallel realities, 299
and relativity, 22, 38-39, 129, 139, 150, 151, 172, 175-176, 181, 187, 189, 231-232, 253-254, 255, 261-262
sum-over-histories approach, 176-178, 180, 182, 218-219, 299
theories, 36-37, 176-177, 180, 181, 184-186, 218-219, 299
uncertainty principle, 37, 146-147, 148, 179, 212, 219, 301
Young’s two-hole experiment, 176-177, 178
Queen Mary College (London), 259
Radio astronomy, 104-105, 109, 110
Radio 4 Desert Island Discs, 307-308
Radio galaxies, 105
Radio waves, 26, 27, 104-105, 107
Radiohead, 312
Rees, Martin, 64, 71, 93, 130, 188, 216-217, 252
Relativity
and black holes, 107, 109, 148, 150, 175, 255
Cornell University summer school on, 91-92
cosmological models, 21, 22, 26, 28-33, 38, 58, 79-80, 81, 82, 83, 104, 105, 107, 115-116, 181, 184, 212
equations, 22, 26, 29, 33, 74, 75, 79-80, 84, 105
general theory of, 21, 22, 26, 31-33, 34, 38, 58, 74, 75, 79-80, 81, 83, 91, 104, 107, 109, 114, 115, 139, 148, 150, 172, 175, 181, 184, 253, 255, 293-294, 296
and gravity, 22, 26, 31-32, 253
Hawking’s lecture on, 94-95
quantum mechanics and, 22, 38-39, 129, 139, 150, 151, 172, 175-176, 181, 187, 189, 231-232, 253-254, 255, 261-262
and singularity theory, 115
special theory of, 26, 28-30, 31, 32, 84, 105, 147, 253, 302
and wormholes, 293-294, 296, 302-303
Religion
Big Bang theory and, 200
and black holes, 170
cosmological models and, 24-25, 38, 166-168, 180, 183, 200, 201-203
free will in clockwork universe, 24-25, 38
Hawking’s views, 2-3, 14-16, 62, 165-171, 172, 183, 201-203, 271, 272, 284
Rockefeller Institute, 241
Rolling Stones, 100
Rosen, Nathan, 293-294
Royal Albert Hall lectures, 309-310
Royal Association for Disability and Rehabilitation, 193
Royal Astronomical Society, 127, 162
Royal Greenwich Observatory, 118-119
Fellows, 133-134, 151, 152, 172, 216
Hughes Medal, 162
Royal Television Society, 270
Rugby, 45
Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, 130-131
Ryle, Martin
Saachi and Saachi, 308
Sadat, Anwar, 204
St. Albans and St Albans School, 7, 8-11, 13, 16-20, 45, 46, 59, 60
St. Albans Liberal Association, 13
Sandage, Allan, 105
Sandars, Patrick, 48
Schaefer, Fritz, 314-315
Scherk, Joël, 257
Schramm, David, 125-126, 265, 266, 289
Schramm, Judy, 125-126
Schwarz, John, 257
Schwarzschild horizon, 104
Schwarzchild radius, 77-78
Sciama, Dennis, 58-59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72-73, 88-89, 101, 126, 129, 130, 131, 134, 200, 225, 265, 283
Sciama, Lydia, 200
Scientific American (magazine), 146, 259
Shaftesbury “Bridget’s” Appeal, 273-273
Shakeshaft, John, 127-128
Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholarship, 152
Siegfried Idyll (Wagner), 304-305
“Singularities and the Geometry of Spacetime” (essay), 101
Singularity theory, 70-72, 151, 175
Big Bang Theory and, 135, 139, 181
black holes, 77, 78, 79-80, 82-83, 106, 114-116, 122, 135, 139, 142-143, 178-180
Hawking and, 70, 94-95, 101-102, 104, 114-116, 122, 135, 267, 293
Soviet Union (former)
Academy of Sciences, 128
black-hole research, 128, 131-132, 146
Hawking’s visit to, 128
inflationary model, 184-185
radio astronomy, 110-111
Space exploration, 40, 100, 121, 145, 155, 190, 315
Spacetime
black holes and, 74, 75, 78, 79, 82, 114-115, 122, 139-140
concept, 29-32
distortions/warps, 29, 32-33, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 114-115, 122, 136, 139-141, 301
general theory of relativity and, 32-33, 74, 81, 184, 296, 297
Hawking’s work, 116, 141, 181, 182-183, 207-208, 292, 293, 297, 298, 300, 303
Speak to Me (exhibition), 310-311
Speed of light, 26-27, 28-29, 30, 215, 253
Spencer, Diana, 204
Spielberg, Steven, 280, 281, 299
Spufford, Bridget and Margaret, 273-274
Status Quo (rock group), 269-270
Star Trek, the Next Generation (TV series), 311
Stars
binary systems, 136-138
double, 118
mass of, 74-75
neutron, 22, 76-77, 80, 108-109, 137, 269
nucleosynthesis, 112-114
spectral fingerprint, 105
supernovas, 108-109
white dwarfs, 75, 76, 108, 137
Steinhardt, Paul, 185-186, 275-278
Stephen Hawking: A Quest for the Theory of Everything (Ferguson), 229
Stephen Hawking’s Universe (TV series), viii, 309
String theory, 257-258
Strong force, 85, 254, 255, 256, 257
Sum-over-histories theory, 176-178, 180, 181-182, 218-219, 299
Sunday Times (newspaper), 192, 245, 246
Supergravity theory, 256-258
Superspace and Supergravity (Hawking), 203-204, 221
Superstring theory, 258, 259-260, 261
Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman!, 226
Tartar, Dick, 19
Television. See individual programs and films
Thatcher, Margaret, 121, 161, 190
Thermodynamics
of black holes, 122-124, 139, 141-143, 146, 148, 149, 172
of bubble universes, 210-211
in cosmology, 83, 84-85, 109, 111, 113, 184-185
Thin Blue Line (film), 280-281
Thomson, Caroline, 280
Thorne, Kip, 132, 138, 152, 153, 155, 292-293, 294-295, 296-297, 298, 301, 302
Time. See also Big Bang theory; Spacetime
beginning of, 83, 104, 115-116, 135, 151, 176, 179
contraction theory, 267
dilation, 31
end of, 181
flow of, 141-142
machines, 183, 293, 297, 298, 300-301, 303
Planck, 147, 179, 183, 253-254, 302
Time (magazine), 242
Times (London newspaper), 205, 310
Tokyo Broadcasting, 281-282, 285
Transworld, 244
Turner, Mike, 265-267, 276, 277, 278
Turney, Jon, 306
Tury, Wendy, 244
Tutu, Bishop, 231
Uncertainty principle (Heisenberg), 37, 146-147, 179, 212, 219, 301
Universal constant, 31
Universal laws, 23
Universe, origin and nature. See also Big Bang theory; Black holes; Cosmology; Quantum physics; Relativity
absolute reference frame, 27-28, 31
as black hole, 79-80, 82-83, 104, 143, 144
bubble/baby universes, 209-218, 261, 293
compactification theory, 259-261
contraction, 33, 80, 81, 115-116, 181, 182-183, 267
cosmic egg/primeval atom concept, 80-81
dimensions, 259-261
expansion, 33, 34-35, 38, 39, 66-67, 79, 80-86, 105, 106, 109, 116, 182, 209-210, 219
gravitational energy, 211-213, 215-218
Hawking’s theories, viii, 38-39, 67-68, 72, 151, 167, 175-176, 177, 180-184, 201, 202, 207, 211, 218-219, 267, 276
indeterminism and disorder, 142
inflation theories, 183-186, 207-209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 217, 219, 275-278
microwave background radiation, 86, 109-112, 113-114, 116, 184, 208
Newton’s theories, 23-26, 31, 33-34, 38
no-boundary model, 168, 169, 181-182, 201, 207, 211, 218-219, 286
parallel realities, 299
Rees’ hypothesis, 216-218
relativistic models, 21, 22, 26, 28-33, 38, 58, 79-80, 81, 82, 83, 104, 105, 107, 115-116, 181, 184, 212
religious beliefs, 24-25, 38, 166-168, 180, 183, 201-203
singularity theory, 72, 79-80, 83, 104, 115-116, 175, 181
steady-state theory, 66-68, 71, 143
temperature and density changes, 82-84, 109, 210-211
uniformity, 184
Universe in a Nutshell, The (Hawking), 306
University College (London), 70, 311.
See also Oxford
University of California, 180
University of Chicago, 125, 266
University of Georgia, 314
University of Leicester, 204
University of London, 157
University of Pennsylvania, 186, 275
University of Couthern California, 194
University of Hull, 292-293
University of Texas at Austin, 94, 298
Vacuum fluctuation radiation, 301-303
Vanity Fair (magazine), 205
See also Speed of light
Very Early Universe, The (Hawking), 220
Voyager I probe, 190
Wang, 153
Warner, Nick, 161
Waterstone’s bookshop (Edinburgh), 244
Wavicles, 36-38
Weak force, 254
Westfield College (London), 60, 92
W. H. Smith, 244
Wheeler, John, 74, 109, 116, 124, 139, 140, 170, 281
White, Michael, 244
Wilde, George, 90
Wilde, Jane. See Hawking, Jane
Wilson, Harold, 121
Wilson, Robert, 111-112
Wolf Foundation Prize (Israel), 272, 285
Woltosz, Walt, 236-237
Wood-Smith, Nigel, 20
Woolley, Richard, 118
Writer’s House (USA), 224
Wyndham, John, 10
X-ray astronomy, 136
Yurtsever, Ulvi, 296-297
Zel’dovich, Yakov Boris, 128, 131-132, 146
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, 245
Zuckerman, Al, 224-225, 226, 228, 229, 237-238, 240, 267, 279