Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Fay Lyle, Solidarity Center, Washington, DC; Victor Narro, Sweatshop Watch, Los Angeles, CA; Emily O’Connor, Debevoise & Plimpton, New York, NY; Ruth Rosenbaum, CREA, Hartford, CT; Nina Smith, RUGMARK Foundation USA, Washington, DC.

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report nor did they see the final draft of the report, nor did they see the draft of the final report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Burt Barnow, Institute for Policy Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.

The committee also would like to thank Roger McElrath as the com- missioned editor of this report. McElrath has worked for the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and George Mason University, consulted to the International Labour Organization, and is currently assist- ing Business for Social Responsibility.

JANICE BELLACE (Moderator), The Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania

BIPUL CHATTOPADHYAY, Centre for International Trade, Economics & Environment; Consumer Unity & Trust Society, India

MIKE GRACE, Communications Workers of America

NEIL KEARNEY, International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers’ Federation, Belgium

MARCELA MANUBENS, Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation

GREGG NEBEL, adidas-Salomon AG

CAROL PIER, Human Rights Watch

MILA ROSENTHAL, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights

DAVID SCHILLING, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility

ROLAND SCHNEIDER, Trade Union Advisory Committee to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, France

BARBARA SHAILOR, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization

ANNA WALKER, United States Council for International Business

ROBERT ZANE, Liz Claiborne, Inc.

WILLIAM B. GOULD IV (Moderator), Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Emeritus, and Willamette University College of Law

GARRETT D. BROWN, Maquiladora Health and Safety Support Network

PETER CHAPMAN, Shareholder Association for Research and Education, Canada

RICHARD CLAYTON, Service Employees International Union

STEPHEN COATS, U.S./Labor Education in the Americas Project

TOM DELUCA, Toys “R” Us, Inc.

PHARIS J. HARVEY, International Labor Rights Fund, Retired

TOM HAYDEN, The Campaign for the Abolition of Sweatshops and Child Labor

AEWHA KIM, Asia Monitor Resource Center, Hong Kong

ROGER P. McDIVITT, Patagonia, Inc.

DEBBIE O’BRIEN, Business for Social Responsibility

KATIE QUAN, Center for Labor Research and Education, Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California at Berkeley

DENNIS A. SMITH, Commission for the Verification of Corporate Codes of Conduct, Guatemala

MAY WONG, Asia Monitor Resource Center, Hong Kong

AFL-CIO:

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization

AMRC:

Asia Monitor Resource Center

AS:

adidas-Salomon AG

BSR:

Business for Social Responsibility

Cal/OSHA:

California Division of Occupational Safety and Health

CalPERS

California Public Employees’ Retirement System

COVERCO:

Commission for the Verification of Corporate Codes of Conduct

CUTS:

Consumer Unity & Trust Society

CWA:

Communications Workers of America

DGB:

German federation of trade unions

DOL:

U.S. Department of Labor

FLA:

Fair Labor Association

GSP:

Generalized System of Preferences

HRW:

Human Rights Watch

ICCR:

Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility