AAD

Antibiotic associated diarrhea

ACSM

American College of Sports Medicine

ADA

American Dietetic Association

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate

AI

Adequate Intake

ALB

Alpha-lactalbumin

AMDR

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

AMS

Acute mountain sickness

AO

Antioxidants

AR

Army regulation

ARDS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

ATO

Army Technology Objective

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

AVP

Arginine vasopressin

BHA

Butylated hydroxyanisole

BHT

Butylated hydroxytoluene

BMI

Body mass index

BMR

Basal metabolic rate

Bpm

Beats per minute

C

Celsius

cal

Calorie

CS

Casein

CCK

Cholecystokinin

CD4

Cluster of differentiation 4

CDR

Cognitive Drug Research (computerized assessment battery)

CFD

Combat Feeding Directorate

CFU

Colony-forming units

CHD

Coronary heart disease

CHO

Carbohydrate

CK

Creatine kinase

CMNR

Committee on Military Nutrition Research

CoA

Pantothenic acid

CoQ₁₀

Coenzyme Q10

CP

Carbohydrate poor

CR

Carbohydrate rich

CRF

Code of federal regulations

CRP

Combat ration pack

CRH

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone

CRP

C-reactive protein

CSFII

Continuing Survey of Food Intake for Individuals

DBPC

Double-bind placebo controlled

DBRPC-CO

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover

DEXA

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

DFE

Dietary folate equivalent

DGLA

Dihomo-γ-linoleic acid

DHEA

Dehydroepiandrosterone

dL

Deciliter

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DoD

Department of Defense

DRI

Dietary Reference Intake

DTH

Delayed type skin hypersensitivity

EAA

Essential amino acid

EAR

Estimated Average Requirement

EEG

Electroencephalogram

EGOT

Erythrocyte glutamate oxaloacetate

EGR

Erythrocyte glutathione reductase

EGRAC

Erythrocyte glutathione activity coefficient

EIEC

Enteroinvasive E. coli

EMS

Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome

EPA

Eicosapentaenoid acid

ERGO

Energy rich, glucose-optimized

ESQ

Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire

ETK

Erythrocyte transketolase

F

Fahrenheit

F2-IsoPs

Plasma F2-Isoprostanes

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FAD

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

FFM

Fat-free mass

FM

Field manual

fMRI

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

FNB

Food and Nutrition Board

FOS

Fructooligosaccharides

FSR

First Strike Ration

ft

Foot

g

Gram

GABA

γ-aminobutyric acid

GBE

Ginkgo biloba extract

GGT

Glutamyl transpeptidase

GH

Growth hormone

GI

Gastrointestinal

GLA

γ-Linolenic acid

GRα

Glucocorticoid-receptor alpha

GRAS

Generally recognized as safe

GTT

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase

h

Hour

HEX

High exercise

HF

High fat

HMB

β-methyl-hydroxy-β-methybutryrate

HS

High stress

IgA

Immunoglobulin A

IgE

Immunoglobulin E

IGF-1

Insulin-like growth factor 1

IgM

Immunoglobulin M

IL

Interleukin

iNOS

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

IOM

Institute of Medicine

IU

International units

kcal

Kilocalorie

KCl

Potassium chloride

kg

Kilogram

kJ

Kilojoules

km

Kilometer

lb

Pound

LDH

Lactic dehydrogenase

LDL

Low-density lipoprotein

LNAA

Large neutral amino acid

LPS

Lipopolysaccharide

LS

Low stress

MCT

Medium-chain fatty acid triacylglycerol

MCW/LRP

Meal, cold weather/food packet, long range patrol

mEq

Milliequivalent

mg

Milligram

MJ

Megajoule

mM

Millimolar

mmol

Millimole

MDRI

Military dietary reference intake

MMWT

Marine mountain warfare training

MND

Military Nutrition Division

MRDA

Military recommended dietary allowances

MRE

Meal, Ready-to-Eat

NA

Not applicable

NAC

N-acetyl-cysteine

NaCl

Sodium chloride

NAD

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

NADP

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

NADPH

Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

NAS

National Academy of Sciences

ND

Not determined

NE

Niacin equivalent

Nex

No exercise

NHANES

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NK

Natural killer

nmol

Nanomol

NNIF

Novel nutritional immune formulation

NO

Nitric oxide

NSOR

Nutritional Standards for Operational Rations

NRC

National Research Council

NSC

Natick Soldier Center

OBLA

Onset of blood lactate accumulation

25 (OH) D

25 hydroxy vitamin D

oz

Ounce

PHA

Phytohaemagglutinin

PL

Phospholipid

PLP

Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate

POMC

Pro-opiomelanocortin

POMS

Profile of Mood States

PP

Protein poor

ppm

Parts per million

PR

Protein rich

PUFA

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

RAE

Retinol activity equivalent

RBC

Red blood cell

RC

Randomized control

RDA

Recommended Dietary Allowance

rDNA

Recombinant DNA

RE

Retinol equivalent

RER

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

RDECOM

Research, Development and Engineering Command

RI

Respiratory infections

ROS

Reactive oxygen species

RPE

Rate of perceived exertion

RT

Ranger training

SFAS

Special Forces Selection and Assessment School

SOF

Special Operations Forces

STEC

Shiga toxin producing E. coli

STO

Science and Technology Objective

SUSOPS

Sustained operations

TBARS

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

TBD

To be determined

TCA

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

TDEE

Total daily energy expenditure

TDP

Thiamin diphosphate

T_H1

T helper type 1 cell

T_H2

T helper type 2 cell

TLR

Toll-like receptors

TNF

Tumor necrosis factor

TPN

Total parenteral nutrition

TT

Timed trial

TTP

Thiamin diphosphate

µg

Microgram

µM

Micromol

UGR-H&S

Unit Group Ration, Heat & Serve

UL

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

UNU

United Nations University

US

United States

USARIEM

U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

USARMRMC

U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command

UV

Ultraviolet

UVB light

Ultraviolet B light

VO₂max or peak

Maximum oxygen consumption

WBGT

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

WHO

World Health Organization

wk

Week

WP

Whey protein

WPSM

Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring