To better inform its deliberations, the Committee on Smaller Facilities (COSF) determined that a pair of questionnaires should be distributed broadly to the community. One questionnaire solicited feedback from facility managers, the other from facility users. Because of biases introduced by the self-selected population that responded to the questionnaire, the committee does not believe that these results are statistically significant; rather, they are intended to give a flavor of the population. The questionnaires are reproduced in this appendix.
FIGURE C.1 Sites in the continental United States targeted for dissemination of the committee’s facilities’ and users’ questionnaire.
The questionnaires were distributed to the community (see Figure C.1) by a variety of techniques:
Direct e-mail to facilities identified by committee members and staff, as indicated below in the list of 275 facilities;
Electronic posting on the committee’s public Web site;
Paper distribution at the American Physical Society’s March 2004 meeting in Montreal, Canada, and the Materials Research Society’s April 2004 meeting in San Francisco, California; and
E-mail solicitation to subscribed members of the American Physical Society’s Division of Materials Physics and Division of Condensed Matter Physics.
Following is the list of facilities specifically targeted to receive the facilities’ and users’ questionnaires by direct e-mail solicitation.
Active Materials Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles
Advanced Analysis Facility, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee
Advanced Coatings and Surface Engineering Laboratory, Colorado School of Mines
Advanced Materials Characterization Laboratory, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida
Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Florida
Alabama Microelectronics Science and Technology Center, Auburn University
Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University
Analytic Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University
Atomic Resolution Electron Microscopy Center, North Carolina State University
Australian Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney
Basic Plasma Science Facility, University of California at Los Angeles
Biofilm Research Center, Stanford University
Biological and Biomaterials Preparation, Imaging, and Characterization Laboratory, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Biological Imaging Resource Center, California Institute of Technology
Biological Science Division Core Facilities, University of Chicago
Biology Imaging Center, University of California at San Diego
Biomolecular Research Facility, University of Virginia Health System
Butler Polymer Laboratory, University of Florida
California Nanosystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles
Campus Chemical Instrumentation Center, Ohio State University
Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, Ohio State University
Carnegie Mellon Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Carnegie Mellon University
Center for Accelerated Maturation of Materials, Ohio State University
Center for Adaptive Optics, University of California at Santa Cruz
Center for Advanced Electron Microscopy, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Lehigh University
Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures, North Carolina State University
Center for Advanced Materials Immiscible Polymer Processing, Rutgers University
Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University
Center for Advanced Materials Research, Brown University
Center for Advanced Polymer and Composite Engineering, Ohio State University
Center for Advanced Thin Film Technology, State University of New York at Albany
Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia
Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, Rice University
Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University
Center for Biologically Inspired Nanocomposite Materials, University of California at Santa Barbara
Center for Composite Materials, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee
Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware
Center for Composite Materials, University of Southern California
Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia
Center for Computational Materials Science, Georgia Institute of Technology
Center for Electrochemical Science and Engineering, University of Virginia
Center for Electron Microscope and Microanalysis, University of Southern California
Center for Electronic Materials, Devices and Systems, Texas A&M University
Center for Electronic Materials and Devices, San Jose State University
Center for Excellence in Nanoelectronics, State University of New York at Albany
Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State University
Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico
Center for High-Resolution Neutron Scatter, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories
Center for Interface and Materials Science, University of California at San Diego
Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego
Center for Materials Chemistry, University of Houston
Center for Materials for Information Technology, University of Alabama
Center for Materials Processing, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
Center for Materials Research, Ohio State University
Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Center for Materials Simulation, University of Connecticut
Center for Micro Analysis and Reaction Chemistry, University of Utah
Center for Micro and Nano Processing, Case Western Reserve University
Center for Microelectronic Materials and Structures, Yale University
Center for Micro-engineered Materials, University of New Mexico
Center for Micromagnetics and Information Storage Technologies, University of Minnesota
Center for Molecular and Atomic Studies at Surfaces, Vanderbilt University
Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory
Center for Nanoscale Science, Pennsylvania State University
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Notre Dame
Center for Nanoscopic Materials Design, University of Virginia
Center for Nanostructured Materials, Columbia University
Center for Nanotechnology, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Washington State University
Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University
Center for Polymer Studies, Boston University
Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida
Center for Response-Driven Polymeric Films, University of Southern Mississippi
Center for Self-Assembled Nanostructures and Devices, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Center for Semiconductor Physics in Nanostructures, University of Arkansas and University of Oklahoma
Center for Sensor Materials, Michigan State University
Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University
Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University
Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, Case Western Reserve University
Center for the Science and Engineering of Materials, California Institute of Technology
Center for Thermal Spray Research, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan
Center of Excellence in Polymer Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology
Center on Hierarchical Structures, Case Western Reserve University
Center on Polymeric Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies, Stanford University
Central Analytical Facility, University of Alabama
Ceramic Materials Laboratory, Princeton University
Certificate Program in Microscopy, San Joaquin Delta College
Chemistry Magnetic Resonance Facility; X-ray Crystallography Facility, University of California at San Diego
Chicago Materials Research Center, University of Chicago
Colorado Advanced Materials Institute, Colorado School of Mines
Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia
Composite Materials and Structures Center, Michigan State University
Composites Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology
Compound Semiconductor Device Laboratory, Simon Fraser University
Compound Semiconductor Laboratory, University of Southern California
Computing Recharge Facility, University of California at San Diego
Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University
Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University
Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota
Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton
Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University
Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at San Diego
E-Beam Facility, University of California at San Diego
Electron Microprobe Laboratory, Yale University
Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction Facilities, Michigan State University
Electron Microscope Facility, University of California at San Diego
Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales
Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Oxford
Electron Microscopy Center, University of South Carolina
Electron Microscopy Center, Washington State University
Electron Microscopy Center; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology
Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Texas at Austin
Electron Spin Resonance, University of California at San Diego
Electronic Materials Synthesis and Plasma Processing Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles
Electronic-Photonic Materials Group, University of Toronto
Engineering Research Center for Advanced Electronic Materials Processing, North Carolina State University
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado at Boulder
Fluid Dynamics Research Center, Illinois Institute of Technology
Free-Electron Laser Center, Vanderbilt University
Free-Electron Laser Laboratory, Duke University
Garcia Materials Research Science and Engineering Center-Polymers at Engineered Interfaces, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution
Goldwater Materials Visualization Facility, Arizona State University
Harvard Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University
Hatch Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Columbia University
Helium Recharge Facility, University of California at San Diego
High Density Electronics Center, University of Arkansas
High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Highly Filled Materials Institute, Stevens Institute of Technology
Institute for Biological Research and Technology, University of South Carolina
Institute for Materials Research, State University of New York at Binghamton
Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland
Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut
Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh
Integrated Microelectronics Laboratory, Brigham Young University
Integrated Technologies Laboratory, University of California at San Diego
Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida
Ion Beam Laboratory, State University of New York at Albany
Jack Maddox Laboratory, Texas Tech University
Johns Hopkins Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University
Keck Bioimaging Laboratory, Arizona State University
Keck Center for the Design of Nanoscale Materials for Molecular Recognition, Howard University
Laboratory for Electronic Materials and Device Technology, University of Alabama
Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute
Laboratory for Nanometer Scale Engineering, Boston University
Laboratory for Nanostructured Materials Research, Rutgers University
Laboratory for Plasma Processing of Materials, University of Maryland at College Park
Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania
Laboratory for Surface Studies, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee
Life Sciences Electron Microscopy Facility, Arizona State University
Lizzadro Magnetic Resonance Research Center, University of Notre Dame
Long Island Laboratory for Crystal Growth, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Los Alamos Center for Materials Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, University of Chicago
Major Analytical Instrumentation Center, University of Florida
Maryland Infrared Free Electron Laser, University of Maryland at College Park
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Notre Dame
Mass Spectrometry Resource Center, California Institute of Technology
Mass Spectrometry Resource for Biology and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Materials Analysis User Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology
Materials Characterization Facility, University of Houston
Materials Characterization Laboratory, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Materials Research Center, University of Missouri-Rolla
Materials Research Laboratory, University of California at Santa Barbara
Materials Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Stuttgart
Medical School Electron Microscope Facility, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Metals-Processing Laboratory Users Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory for Surface Modification and Analysis, University of Michigan
Micro Fabrication Laboratory, University of Missouri at Columbia
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles
Microelectronics and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Purdue University
Microelectronics Fabrication Laboratory, Carleton University
Microelectronics Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology
Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University
Microelectronics Research Center, New Jersey Institute of Technology
Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
Microfabrication Facility, University of California at Davis
Microfabrication Facility, University of Pennsylvania
Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University
Microfabritech, University of Florida
Micromachine and Nanofabrication Facility, University of Alberta
Micromanufacturing Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles
Microscopy and Imaging Resource, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Microscopy Resource, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Microstructure Laboratory, University of Wuerzburg
Microsystems Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles
Microtechnology Laboratory, University of Louisville
Microtechnology-Based Energy, Chemical and Biological Systems, Oregon State University
Microwave Processing Laboratory for Advanced Materials, University of Maryland at College Park
Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Molecular Materials Research Center, California Institute of Technology
Molecular Resource Center, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
Nanoelectronics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati
Nanoelectronics Research Facility, University of California at Los Angeles
Nanofab, University of Texas at Arlington
Nanofabrication Facility, Carnegie Mellon University
Nanoscale Solid and Molecular Structures Laboratory, Colorado School of Mines
Nanoscience and Technology Center, University of Central Florida
Nanostructures Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Nanostructures Laboratory, Princeton University
Nanotech, University of California at Santa Barbara
NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas
National Center for Microgravity Research, Case Western Reserve University
National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California at San Diego
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University
National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin at Madison
National Nanofabrication User Network (NNUN), Howard University
National Nanofabrication User Network (NNUN), Pennsylvania State University
National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Scripps Research Institute
New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
New Jersey Institute of Technology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
New York Structural Biology Center, Consortium of New York Universities
North Carolina Center for Nanoscale Materials, University of North Carolina
Northwestern University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Northwestern University
NSF Center for Low-Cost, High-Speed Polymer Composites, Michigan State University
NSF Center for Molecular and Microstructure of Composites, Case Western Reserve University
Nuclear Radiation Center, Washington State University
Optical Analysis Facility, University of Alabama
Optoelectronics Technology Center, University of California at Santa Barbara
Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles
Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research, Carnegie Mellon University
Plasma Applications Laboratory, University of Texas at Dallas
Princeton Center for Complex Materials, Princeton University
Quantitative Microscopy Laboratory, University of California at San Diego
Radiation Center, Oregon State University
Resource Center for Advanced Characterization and Metrology, State University of New York at Albany
Resource for Biomedical and Bio-organic Mass Spectrometry, Washington University
Resource for the Visualization of Biological Complexity, N.Y. State Department of Health; Wadsworth Center
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope, Brookhaven National Laboratory
School of Engineering, Alfred University
Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas at Galveston
Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, Duke University
Shared Research Equipment User Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Silicon Wafer Engineering and Defect Science Center, North Carolina State University
Silvio O Conte National Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Solid State Electronics Laboratory, University of Michigan
Southwestern Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota
Surface Analysis Facility, University of Notre Dame
Surface Analysis Facility, University of Texas at Austin
Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Alabama
Surface Science Center, University of Virginia
Synchrotron Radiation Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Materials, University of Houston
The Photonics Center, Boston University
Thermal Analysis Center, University of Minnesota
Thermal Processing Technology Center, Illinois Institute of Technology
Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Cells, University of Colorado
Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecules, Baylor Medical College
University of Maryland Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Maryland at College Park
University of Massachusetts Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
University of Minnesota Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Minnesota
University of Nebraska Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Nebraska at Lincoln
University of Wisconsin Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison
USC Nanocenter, University of South Carolina
Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University
W.M. Keck Center for Microelectronics, Syracuse University
W.M. Keck Laboratory for Biological Imaging, University of Wisconsin at Madison
X-Ray Crystallography Center, Caltech
X-Ray Physics Facility, Columbia University
Responses to the facility users’ and facility managers’ questionnaires were received by e-mail, postal mail, and fax and were entered into a small database for organization and primitive analysis. The following 10 facility users and 65 facility managers responded to the committee’s questionnaires:
Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, Ohio State University
Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Center for Advanced Imaging and Micromanipulation, University of Pennsylvania, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter
Center for Advanced Materials Research, Central Electron Microscope Facility, Brown University
Center for Advanced Materials Research, Central Microelectronics Facility, Brown University
Center for Advanced Microgravity Materials Processing, Northeastern University
Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware
Center for Imaging and Mesoscale Structures, Harvard University
Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Central Facility for Crystallography, University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Central Facility for Materials Preparation, University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Central Facility for Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization, University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Central Facility for X-Ray Materials Characterization, University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Scanning Probe Microscopy, University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Center for Materials Science and Engineering Shared Experimental Facilities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Center for Microanalysis of Materials, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Center for Nanoscale Systems, Cornell University
Center for Response-Driven Polymeric Films, University of Southern Mississippi
Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University
Center for Thermal Spray Research, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Chicago Materials Research Center, University of Chicago
Colorado Advanced Materials Institute, Colorado School of Mines
Columbia Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Shared Instrument Facility, Columbia University
Composite Materials and Structures Center, Michigan State University
Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Experimental Facilities, Cornell University
Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Irvine
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University
Department of Materials Science, Washington State University
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Department of Physics, Colgate University
Department of Physics, University of Delaware
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales, Australia
Electron Microscopy Center, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, Shared X-Ray Diffraction Facility, University of Colorado at Boulder
High Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Institute of Technology Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota
Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory
Interfacial and Nanoscale Science Facility, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
J.B. Cohen X-ray Diffraction Facility, Northwestern University
J. Earle and Mary Roberts Materials Characterization Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University
Johns Hopkins Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University
Keck Microfabrication Facility, Michigan State University
Lizzadro Magnetic Resonance Research Center, University of Notre Dame
Major Analytic Instrumentation Center, University of Florida
Materials Characterization Facility, University of Central Florida
Materials Characterization Laboratory of the Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University
Microfabrication Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley
Microfabrication Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, School of Electrical Engineering
Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Maryland at College Park
Nanoscale Surface Characterization Facility, Washington State University
Nanostructures Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Nanotechnology User Facility at the Center for Nanotechnology, University of Washington at Seattle
National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington at Seattle
National High Magnetic Field Facility, Florida State University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Florida
National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin at Madison
New York Structural Biology Center, Consortium of New York Universities
NIST Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University
Optical Analysis Facility, University of Alabama
Oregon State University Radiation Center, Oregon State University
Pennsylvania Regional Nanotechnology Facility, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Materials, University of Pennsylvania
Princeton Center for Complex Materials Shared Experimental Facilities Imaging and Analysis Center, Princeton University
Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System, University of Pennsylvania
Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope User Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University
Shared Experimental Facilities of the University of Massachusetts Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, Duke University
Shared Research Equipment User Center (SHaRE), Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, Stanford University
Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin
University of Wisconsin Materials Science Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison
Quantitative analysis of the responses to the facility managers’ questionnaire is inappropriate, of course, because of sample bias and size, but several figures (Figures C.2 through C.6) are presented here to provide information, based on responses to the facilities questionnaire, regarding sources of support for and distribution of annual operating budgets, numbers of users and makeup of the user base, and full-time-equivalent staff supporting midsize facilities.
FIGURE C.2 Comparison of sources of support for individual facilities’ annual operating budgets. The dominant sources of support are from federal research programs (35 percent) and user fees (35 percent), followed by contributions from the host institutions (27 percent). Data based on responses to the committee’s survey.
FIGURE C.3 Distribution of midsize facility annual operating budgets. Data based on responses to the committee’s survey.
FIGURE C.4 Spectrum of reported number of distinct annual users for midsize facilities. The reporting facilities were used by a total of more than 9,800 persons, with an average of 180 annual users (median 100). Data based on responses to the committee’s survey.
FIGURE C.5 Distribution of the number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff supporting midsize facilities. Each bar represents the number of facilities that have the indicated number of FTE staff or fewer; for instance, the leftmost bar indicates that about 15 facilities have one staff member or fewer. Data based on responses to the committee’s survey.
FIGURE C.6 Makeup of the user base for midsize facilities. On average, 77 percent of users are from within the same institution, an additional 10 percent are from the immediate local area, and 5 percent are regionally based (within 1 day’s travel). Finally, about 8 percent of midsize facility users have traveled from another region of the United States to use the facility.