Workshop on Disability in America: A New Look: Summary and Background Papers (2006)
Chapter: Front Matter
WORKSHOP ON DISABILITY IN AMERICA A NEW LOOK
Summary and Background Papers
Marilyn J. Field, Alan M. Jette, and Linda Martin, editors
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. 200-2000-00629, TO #32 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Workshop on Disability in America, a New Look (2005 : Washington, D.C.)
Workshop on Disability in America, a New Look : summary and papers : based on a workshop of the Committee on Disability in America: a New Look, Board on Health Sciences Policy / Marilyn J. Field, Alan M. Jette, and Linda Martin, editors.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-309-10090-9 (pbk.)
1. People with disabilities—United States—Congresses. 2. People with disabilities—Health and hygiene—United States—Congresses. 3. Disabilities—Age factors—United States—Congresses. 4. Health promotion—United States—Congresses.
[DNLM: 1. Disabled Persons—United States—Congresses. 2. Age Factors—United States—Congresses. 3. Chronic Disease—epidemiology—United States—Congresses. 4. Comorbidity—United States—Congresses. 5. Disabled Persons—classification—United States—Congresses. ] I. Field, Marilyn J. (Marilyn Jane) II. Jette, Alan M. III. Martin, Linda G., 1947- IV. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Disability in America: a New Look. V. Title.
HV1553.W67 2005
362.40973—dc22
2005036811
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WORKSHOP COMMITTEE ON DISABILITY IN AMERICA: A NEW LOOK
ALAN M. JETTE (Chair), Director,
Health & Disability Research Institute, Boston University
ELENA ANDRESEN, Professor and Chief,
Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy, University of Florida Health Sciences Center
DUDLEY S. CHILDRESS, Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
VICKI A. FREEDMAN, Professor,
Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
PATRICIA HICKS, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Director, Continuity of Care Clinic,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
LISA I. IEZZONI, Professor of Medicine,
Harvard University and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
JUNE ISAACSON KAILES, Associate Director,
Center for Disability Issues and the Health Professions, Western University of Health Sciences
LAURA MOSQUEDA, Director of Geriatrics,
College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
P. HUNTER PECKHAM, Donnell Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedics,
Case Western Reserve University
JAMES MARC PERRIN, Professor of Pediatrics,
Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital
Following the workshop and with the initiation of the second phase of the disability study, additional members were appointed to the committee: Michael Chernew, Ph.D., professor of health management and policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Margaret A. Turk, M.D., professor of physical medicine & rehabilitation, State University of New York Upstate Medical University at Syracuse; Gregg Vanderheiden, Ph.D., professor of industrial and biomedical engineering and director, Trace Research and Development Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison; and John Whyte, M.D., Ph.D., director, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Philadelphia.
Study Staff
MARILYN J. FIELD, Study Director
AFRAH ALI, Senior Project Assistant
FRANKLIN BRANCH, Research Assistant
LINDA MARTIN, Institute of Medicine Scholar in Residence
Board on Health Sciences Policy Staff
ANDREW POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
AMY HAAS, Administrative Assistant
Boxes, Figures, and Tables
BOXES
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I-1 |
Health Care Transitions for Young Adults with Special Health Care Needs, |
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K-1 |
Directions for Research on Health Living with a Disability, |
FIGURES
|
B-1 |
ICF model of disability, |
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E-1 |
Percentage of the community-based population ages 70 years and older reporting need for help with personal care or only routine care activities, 1982 to 2004, |
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H-1 |
Models of the pathway from disease to disability, |
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H-2 |
Percentage of American men and women age 50 years or older projected to survive to age 90 years and older, |
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H-3 |
Percentage of individuals age 70 years or older defined as disabled by year before death, |
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J-1 |
Conceptual model of aging with different characteristics, |
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M-1 |
Fitted values for percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC) predicted by level of complete motor lesions. C = cervical; T = thoracic; L = lumbar, |
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M-2 |
Level of HDL cholesterol by extent of neurological deficit, |
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M-3 |
Association between the percentage of total percent lean tissue in the body and age for able-bodied controls (solid arrow; slope = −0.102; r2 = 0.02) compared with that for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) (dashed arrow; slope = −0.275; r2 = 0.10) (*, p < 0.0001), |
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M-4 |
Relationship of percent body fat to BMI for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) compared with that for controls, |
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M-5 |
Oral glucose tolerance by level of neurological deficit. NT= normal glucose tolerance; IGT = impaired glucose tolerance; DM = diabetes mellitus, |
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M-6 |
Bowel evacuation after the administration of neostigmine or neostigmine and glycopyrrolate compared with that after administration of a placebo (*, p < 0.01 for both drugs compared with placebo), |
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M-7 |
Distribution of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in 40 individuals with spinal cord injuries who received supplementary vitamin D (800 units per day for 12 months), |
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N-1 |
Depression prevalence among people with different types of disabling conditions, |
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N-2 |
A general model of psychological stress and coping, |
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N-3 |
Effects of treatment on depression, |
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O-1 |
Relationship between environmental, physiological, and behavioral risk and protective factors and limitations due to secondary conditions, |
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O-2 |
Surveillance systems for secondary conditions in the population of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities living in supported arrangements, |
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O-3 |
Oral health ratings obtained by using two measures, the Gingivitis Index (GI) and the Lobene Stain Index (LSS), across regular (Reg) and novel (experimental [Exp]) toothbrushes during the baseline and at 6 weeks after the intervention, |
TABLES
|
B-1 |
Concepts and Terminology Used by Models of Disability, |
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C-1 |
Complementary Contributions of Three Continuum Concepts to Defining Disability in Childhood, |
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C-2 |
Examples of ICF Activities and Participation Codes for Key Indicators, |
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D-1 |
Comparison of Approaches for Measurement of the Environment, |
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F-1 |
Age-Specific Trends in the Proportion of People with Personal Care or Routine Care Needs Limitations per 10,000 Population, 1984 to 2000, |
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F-2 |
A Decomposition of Changes in the Prevalence of Disability Due to Chronic Disease, 1984 to 1996, |
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F-3 |
A Decomposition of Changes in the Prevalence of Disability for 30-Year-Olds Due to Chronic Disease, 1984 to 1996, |
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F-4 |
A Decomposition of Changes in Disability Prevalence for 45-Year-Olds Due to Chronic Disease, 1984 to 1996, |
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F-5 |
A Decomposition of Changes in Disability Prevalence for 60-Year-Olds Due to Chronic Disease, 1984 to 1996, |
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H-1 |
Most Common Diseases Reported to Cause Difficulty with Specific Tasks, |
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O-1 |
Top Ranked Secondary Conditions, |
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O-2 |
Secondary Condition Factors and Items Represented, |
Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published reports as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Diane L Damiano, Ph.D., P.T., Research Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis
John Ditunno, M.D., Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Corinne Kirchner, Ph.D., Director, Policy Research and Program Evaluation, American Foundation for the Blind
John Melvin, M.D., Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Kenneth J. Ottenbacher, Ph.D., Associate Director, Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
Susan Palsbo, Ph.D., Principal Research Associate, Center for Health Research, Policy, and Ethics, George Mason University
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the report nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Mel Worth, M.D., Scholar in Residence at the Institute of Medicine. Appointed by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.
