| AFTAC | Air Force Technical Applications Center |
| AoA | Analysis of Alternatives |
| ALCM | Air-Launched Cruise Missile |
| ASC | Advanced Simulation and Computing |
| ATM | Atmospheric Transport Modeling |
| AWE | Atomic Weapons Establishment |
| BAA | Broad Agency Announcement |
| CBM | Confidence-Building Measure |
| CEP | Containment Evaluation Panel |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations |
| CMR | Chemistry and Metallurgy Research |
| CMRR | Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement Facility |
| CTBT | Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty |
| CTBTO | Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization |
| DARHT | Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility |
| DAS | Deployable Analysis System |
| DOD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DNI | Director of National Intelligence |
| DP | Defense Programs |
| DSP | Defense Support Program |
| DSB | Defense Science Board |
| DTRA | Defense Threat Reduction Agency |
| ECM | Event Classification Matrix |
| EIF | Entry into Force |
| EMP | Electromagnetic Pulse |
| ESP | Enhanced Surveillance Program |
| FTE | Full-Time Equivalent |
| GCI | Global Communications infrastructure |
| GNEM | Ground Nuclear Explosion Monitoring |
| GNEMRD | Ground Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Research and Development |
| GPS | Global Positioning System |
| GWACS | Ground Whole Air Collection System |
| HE | High Explosives |
| HEAF | High Explosives Applications Facility |
| HEMP | High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse |
| HEU | Highly Enriched Uranium |
| HEUMF | Highly Enriched Uranium Materials Facility |
| ICBM | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile |
| ICF | Inertial Confinement Fusion |
| IDC | International Data Centre |
| IFE | Integrated Field Exercise |
| IMS | International Monitoring System |
| INGE | International Noble Gas Experiment |
| ISC | International Seismological Center |
| IRIS | incorporated Research institution for Seismology |
| JASPER | Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research Facility |
| kt | Kiloton |
| LANL | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| LANSCE | Los Alamos Neutron Science Center |
| LEP | Life-Extension Program |
| LLNL | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
| MASINT | Measurement and Signature intelligence |
| mb | Body Wave Magnitude |
| MESA | Microsystems and Engineering Sciences Application Facility |
| MJ | Megajoule |
| MOD | Ministry of Defence (UK) |
| MSS | Mass Storage System |
| NDC&A | Nuclear Debris Collection and Analysis System |
| NEP | Nuclear Explosive Package |
| NEIC | National Earthquake Information Center |
| NEPA | National Environmental Policy Act |
| NIC | National Ignition Campaign |
| NIE | National Intelligence Estimate |
| NIF | National Ignition Facility |
| NNSA | National Nuclear Security Agency |
| NPT | Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty |
| NPR | Nuclear Posture Review |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NTM | National Technical Means |
| NTS | Nevada Test Site |
| NWS | Nuclear Weapon States |
| OSI | On-Site Inspection |
| PAS | Portable Air Sampler |
| PTS | Provisional Technical Secretariat |
| QMU | Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties |
| REB | Reviewed Event Bulletin |
| RREB | Reviewed Radionuclide Event Bulletin |
| RNEP | Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator |
| RRB | Report Radionuclide Bulletin |
| RRW | Reliable Replacement Warhead |
| SBIRS | Space-Based Infrared System |
| SLBM | Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile |
| SLCM | Submarine-Launched Cruise Missile |
| SNL | Sandia National Laboratories |
| SOFAR | Sound Fixing and Ranging |
| SORT | Strategic Offensive Reduction Treaty |
| SRS | Savannah River Site |
| SSP | Stockpile Stewardship Program |
| STP | Surveillance Transformation Project |
| STRATCOM | U.S. Strategic Command |
| UPF | Uranium Processing Facility |
| USAEDS | United States Atomic Energy Detection System |
| USGS | United States Geological Survey |
| JSNDC | United States National Data Center |