National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach (2011)
Chapter: Appendix E: Additional Cost Information
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.1 Detailed Task Breakdown (in $000) and Scheduling for Task 4: National Seismic Hazard Model
| Task Component | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Provide geologic information to map faults and provide data for predictive relationships | 1-20 | 560,000 | 28,000 | 28,000 | 28,000 |
| USGS design applets and website updates | 1-20 | 10,000 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Update predictive relationships for ground shaking, including earthquake-physics simulations | 1-20 | 153,000 | 10,200 | 6,400 | 7,000 |
| Update seismic hazard maps for ground shaking | 1-20 | 192,000 | 9,600 | 9,600 | 9,600 |
| Develop predictive models for ground deformation | 1-3 | 1,500 | 300 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop seismic hazard maps for liquefaction | 1-20 | 16,000 | 800 | 800 | 800 |
| Develop seismic hazard maps for surface fault rupture | 1-20 | 4,000 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
| Develop seismic hazard maps for landslide potential | 1-20 | 10,000 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Total Cost | 946,000 | 42,340 | 43,230 | 37,442 | |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.2 Cost Breakdown (in $million) and Scheduling for Task 9: Post-Earthquake Information Management
| Task Breakdown | Task Total | Years 1-2 (Annualized) | Years 3-4 (Annualized) | Years 5-6 (Annualized) | Years 7-10 (Annualized) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) |
| PHASE 1 | ||||||
| Program management, travel and supporta | 1.27 | 0.635 | — | — | — | — |
| Equipment & commercial software licensing PHASE II | 0.26 | 0.13 | — | — | — | — |
| Pilot projects (7 to 9 total)b | 3.7 | 0 | 0.37 | 0.74 | 0.37 | — |
| Operation costsc | 9.4 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.46 |
| Total Cost | 14.63 | |||||
a Project management, PIMS system programmers, and testing/documentation staff would be budgeted at the GS13 salary range, about $125,000/year including benefits. The initial GS13 staff would be 4.5 in number (1 Project Lead at 0.5 FTE, 3 FTE system/software programmers, and 1 FTE testing/documentation staff). Administrative assistance and systems management would be budgeted at about $70,000/year including benefits, and would require 1 FTE (4.5 * $125,000/year + 1 * $70,000/year = 562,500 + 70,000 = 632,500).
b Each pilot project is estimated to have a development phase with 1 FTE at $90,000/year and an implementation phase with 1 to 2 FTEs at a cost of $140,000 to $420,000 per year, for a total cost of $230,000 to $510,000 per pilot project. For budgeting, an average of $370,000 per pilot project is assumed.
c Operation costs include project management, systems management, administrative assistance, user support, and maintenance programmers. It also includes data expansion and travel. All total, operation costs are estimated at $600,000 per year during Phase II, and $460,000 per year after Phase II.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.3 Task Breakdown and Scheduling for Task 11: Observatory Network on Community Resilience and Vulnerability
| Year | Annual Cost | Unit Cost | Cost Explanation |
| Year 1 | $1.8 million | (a) new location nodes: $400k/yr (b) existing centers: $200k/yr | Annual cost assumes 6 nodes established in Phase I (3 at new locations, 3 at existing research centers). New nodes: personnel and infrastructure cost to establish node functions; initiate data collection. Existing centers: Less costly, as would build on existing personnel/ infrastructure. |
| Year 2 | $2.2 million | (a) and (b): Same as Year 1 (c) network coordinating grant: $400k/yr | 6 nodes continue. Network coordinating funds (NCF) to facilitate and institutionalize coordination functions (e.g., measurement protocols, data archiving, network website, workshops, etc.). |
| Year 3 | $3.8 million | (a), (b), (c): Same as above | 6 nodes and NCF continue. Add 4 new nodes, potentially including “living laboratory” nodes. |
| Year 4 | $3.8 million | (a), (b), (c): Same as above | 10 nodes and NCF continue. |
| Year 5 | $2.85 million | (a): $300k/yr (b): $150k/yr (c): $300k/yr | 10 nodes and NCF continue. Cost reductions as infrastructure now set up and most urgent network actions completed (e.g., common measurement protocols, data archiving, etc.). |
| 5-year TOTAL | $14.45 million | Sum of Years 1~5 costs. | |
| Years 6~20 | $2.85 million/yr | Maintain Year 5 funding levels; some nodes may end and be replaced by others through competition. | |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.4 Summary Cost Breakdown (in $000) for Task 13: Techniques for Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings
| Research and Development Task | Task Total ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Program coordination and management | 90,595 | 4,530 | 4,530 | 4,530 |
| Establish a coordinated research program on existing buildings | 1,200 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Develop fragility and consequence functions for archaic components | 5,875 | 858 | 218 | 50 |
| Develop reliable tools for collapse computations | 37,250 | 1,050 | 4,075 | 1,163 |
| Large-scale laboratory testing of existing building systems, incl. improved component models | 42,300 | 2,115 | 2,115 | 2,115 |
| In-situ testing of existing buildings and components | 109,000 | 50 | 9,750 | 6,000 |
| Soil-structure interaction studies | 21,500 | 325 | 1,045 | 1,465 |
| Develop and deploy efficient retrofit methods/techniques | 15,750 | 825 | 775 | 775 |
| Develop and deploy techniques for NDE of existing construction and conditions | 9,750 | 525 | 475 | 475 |
| Develop and deploy a building rating system | 4,000 | 700 | 0 | 50 |
| Evaluate reliability of and update ASCE 41 procedures for PBD of existing buildings | 18,650 | 2,065 | 1,665 | 0 |
| Collect, curate, and archive building inventory data across the nation | 135,650 | 6,880 | 6,750 | 6,750 |
| Performance-based retrofit of nonstructural components and systems | 875 | 175 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbon footprint of retrofit building construction | 775 | 155 | 0 | 0 |
| Implementation: updating of standards and guidelines; risk reduction programs | 50,400 | 2,580 | 2,500 | 2,500 |
| Total Cost | 543,570 | 22,892 | 33,957 | 25,932 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.5 Detailed Task Breakdown (in $000) and Scheduling for Task 13: Techniques for Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildingsa
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Program coordination and management | 1-20 | 90,595 | 4,530 | 4,530 | 4,530 |
| Establish a coordinated research program on existing buildings | 1,200 | 60 | 60 | 60 | |
| Scoping studies and workshops | 1,6,11,15 | 800 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| Development/update of work-plans | 1,6,11,15 | 400 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Develop fragility and consequence functions for archaic components (critical missing pieces) | 5,875 | 858 | 218 | 50 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a work-plan (not covered elsewhere, mining of existing data) | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Experimentation using NEES facilities (Use experimental data generated elsewhere) | 2-4 | 3,000 | 600 | 0 | 0 |
| Numerical studies using improved hysteretic models developed elsewhere | 4-6 | 1,800 | 180 | 180 | 0 |
| Develop and document fragility and consequence functions | 2-8 | 125 | 13 | 13 | 0 |
| Update functions in Years 11-20 | 1-5 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 5 yearly | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Develop reliable tools for collapse computations | 37,250 | 1,050 | 4,075 | 1,163 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 3 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan (using also work on improved hysteretic models) | 3 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Experimentation using NEES facilities and E-Defense on multiple framing systems to collapse | 6-10 | 12,000 | 0 | 2,400 | 0 |
| Experimentation using NEES facilities on critical components of framing systems | 4-7 | 7,500 | 750 | 750 | 0 |
| Improved hysteretic models of structural components through failure | 4-20 | 4,500 | 225 | 225 | 225 |
| Understanding the triggers for collapse of framing systems | 6-10 | 2,250 | 0 | 450 | 0 |
| Improved system-level collapse computations and FE codes | 6-15 | 2,250 | 0 | 225 | 113 |
| Validation of improved computational procedures using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 11-20 | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 5 yearly | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Large-scale laboratory testing of existing building systems, including improved component models | 42,300 | 2,115 | 2,115 | 2,115 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1,6,11,15 | 600 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Development of work-plan | 1,6,11,15 | 600 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Component testing program (NEES facilities): archaic and retrofitted | 1-20 | 15,000 | 750 | 750 | 750 |
| Systems testing program (NEES/E-Defense facilities): archaic and retrofitted | 1-20 | 8,000 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
| Develop nonlinear hysteretic models | 1-20 | 9,000 | 450 | 450 | 450 |
| Validate nonlinear hysteretic models | 1-20 | 8,000 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
| Develop guidelines and tools for FE analysis | 5 yearly | 600 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 5 yearly | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| In-situ testing of existing buildings and components | 109,000 | 50 | 9,750 | 6,000 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 3 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Development of work-plan | 3 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Systems-level dynamic testing using NEES equipment: archaic and retrofitted | 6-15 | 15,000 | 0 | 1,500 | 750 |
| Numerical studies using systems-level dynamic test data | 6-18 | 9,000 | 0 | 600 | 600 |
| Systems-level testing to collapse: archaic and retrofitted | 6-15 | 20,000 | 0 | 2,000 | 1,000 |
| Numerical studies using collapse test data (supplement to above) | 6-18 | 6,000 | 0 | 400 | 400 |
| Component-level testing to failure: archaic and retrofitted | 6-15 | 40,000 | 0 | 4,000 | 2,000 |
| Numerical studies using component test data | 6-18 | 18,000 | 0 | 1,200 | 1,200 |
| Develop and validate nonlinear hysteretic models (included elsewhere) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 10, 15, 20 | 750 | 0 | 50 | 50 |
| Soil-structure interaction studies | 21,500 | 325 | 1,045 | 1,465 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 5 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 5 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Centrifuge testing programs (alternate soils, layers, ground water table) | 6-10 | 3,750 | 0 | 750 | 0 |
| Develop simplified guidelines and tools for isolated structures | 11-15 | 1,350 | 0 | 0 | 135 |
| Develop simplified guidelines and tools for clusters of structures | 11-15 | 1,350 | 0 | 0 | 135 |
| Develop procedures for time-domain FE analysis | 6-10, 15-20 | 2,700 | 0 | 270 | 135 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Develop procedures for probabilistic SSI analysis | 1-5 | 1,200 | 240 | 0 | 0 |
| Implementation of time and frequency domain algorithms in FE codes | 11-15 | 1,350 | 0 | 0 | 135 |
| Validation of numerical tools by experimentation using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 11-15 | 6,000 | 0 | 0 | 600 |
| Update of tools and procedures in Years 16-20 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 300 | |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Develop and deploy efficient retrofit methods/techniques | 15,750 | 825 | 775 | 775 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 2 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop alternate retrofit strategies | 2-18 | 15,000 | 750 | 750 | 750 |
| Deploy and test retrofit strategies (Included elsewhere) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Develop and validate nonlinear hysteretic models of retrofitted components (Included elsewhere) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Develop and deploy techniques for NDE of existing construction and conditions | 9,750 | 525 | 475 | 475 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop (utilize existing building construction; included elsewhere) | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 | |
| Development of work-plan | 2 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop alternate NDE strategies | 3-20 | 9,000 | 450 | 450 | 450 |
| Deploy and test alternate NDE strategies | 3-20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Develop and deploy a building rating system | 4,000 | 700 | 0 | 50 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Numerical studies using data and PBD developed elsewhere | 2-4 | 3,000 | 600 | 0 | 0 |
| Update building rating system in Year 20 | 20 | 300 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5 and 20 | 400 | 40 | 0 | 20 |
| Evaluate reliability, and update, ASCE 41 procedures for performance-based design of existing buildings | 18,650 | 2,065 | 1,665 | 0 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop a method to translate test data into acceptance criteria | 2 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Benchmark linear and nonlinear static procedures using nonlinear dynamic analysis | 2-4 | 1,800 | 360 | 0 | 0 |
| Benchmark all analysis procedures using earthquake data | 2-4 | 1,800 | 360 | 0 | 0 |
| Calibrate retrofit standards against performance expectations for new buildings | 6-8 | 1,800 | 0 | 360 | 0 |
| Clarify performance expectations in ASCE 31/41 | 9 and 10 | 250 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Revise linear and nonlinear static procedures based on benchmarking | 4-5 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Evaluation of procedures/acceptance criteria using NEES facilities | 2-5 | 6,000 | 1,200 | 0 | 0 |
| Evaluation of system-level predictions using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 6-8 | 6,000 | 0 | 1,200 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Update of nonlinear dynamic analysis procedures | 8-10 | 150 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 5 and 10 | 250 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
| Collect, curate, and archive building inventory data across the nation | 135,650 | 6,880 | 6,750 | 6,750 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 task | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan and standardized procedures | 1 task | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop procedures to track replacement of deficient buildings and update archive/loss estimates | 2 and 3 | 300 | 60 | 0 | 0 |
| 50 cities | 1-20 | 135,000 | 6,750 | 6,750 | 6,750 |
| Performance-based retrofit of nonstructural components and systems | 875 | 175 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop procedures, tools, and recommendations for retrofit of architectural and M/E/P components and systems | 2 and 3 | 500 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Prepare technical brief | 4 | 125 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbon footprint of retrofit building construction | 775 | 155 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbon footprint calculation framework | 2 and 3 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbon footprint calculations for retrofit construction | 3 and 4 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Inclusion of carbon-based effects in loss computations | 4 and 5 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Prepare a technical brief | 5 | 125 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Implementation | 50,400 | 2,580 | 2,500 | 2,500 | |
| Support updating of standards and guidelines | 10,000 | 500 | 500 | 500 | |
| Develop methods to measure contributions of building stock to community resilience | 1-3 | 400 | 80 | 0 | 0 |
| Encourage risk reduction programs across the nation | 40,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | |
| Total Cost | 543,570 | 22,892 | 33,957 | 25,932 | |
a Bold headings within the Research and Development Task column represent the overarching title and cost summary of underlying non-bold components.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.6 Summary Cost Breakdown (in $000) for Task 14: Performance-based Earthquake Engineering for Buildings
| Research and Development Task | Task Total ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Program coordination and management | 148,585 | 7,429 | 7,429 | 7,429 |
| NEES maintenance and operation; new equipment | 500,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| Effect of ground deformation on buildings | 8,975 | 250 | 895 | 325 |
| Site response analysis | 12,050 | 1,615 | 385 | 205 |
| Constitutive models for soils | 17,150 | 1,490 | 1,440 | 250 |
| Soil-foundation-structure interaction | 21,500 | 325 | 1,045 | 1,465 |
| Selection and scaling of earthquake ground motions | 2,550 | 75 | 205 | 115 |
| Improved hysteretic models of structural components | 42,300 | 2,115 | 2,115 | 2,115 |
| Evaluate reliability of ASCE 41 procedures for performance-based design | 14,600 | 1,665 | 1,255 | 0 |
| Develop reliable tools for collapse computations | 37,250 | 1,050 | 4,075 | 1,163 |
| Develop fragility and consequence functions for modern and archaic components | 5,875 | 858 | 218 | 50 |
| Loss estimation tools for PBEE | 925 | 0 | 0 | 93 |
| Expected performance of code-conforming structures | 3,450 | 690 | 0 | 0 |
| Expand ATC-58 performance-based design methodology | 2,800 | 280 | 150 | 65 |
| Performance-based design of nonstructural components and systems | 1,325 | 265 | 0 | 0 |
| Smart/innovative/adaptive/sustainable components and framing systems | 51,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,650 |
| Carbon footprint of new and retrofit building construction | 675 | 135 | 0 | 0 |
| Implementation: Updating of Standards and Guidelines | 20,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Total Cost | 891,510 | 46,742 | 47,712 | 41,924 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.7 Detailed Task Breakdown (in $000) and Scheduling for Task 14: Performance-based Earthquake Engineering for Buildingsa
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Program coordination and management | 1-20 | 148,585 | 7,429 | 7,429 | 7,429 |
| NEES maintenance and operation; new equipment (contributes to multiple tasks) | 1-20 | 500,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| Effect of ground deformation on buildings | 8,975 | 250 | 895 | 325 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 5 | 125 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 5 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Experimental studies using NEES facilities | 6-9 | 3,000 | 600 | 0 | |
| Effect of ground deformation on buildings | 7-10 | 900 | 180 | 0 | |
| Validation of numerical tools by experimentation using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 11-15 | 3,000 | 0 | 300 | |
| Techniques to mitigate the effects of liquefaction using NEES facilities | 2-10 | 1,350 | 180 | 90 | 0 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5 (ground deformation predictions), 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Site response analysis | 12,050 | 1,615 | 385 | 205 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of workplan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Field testing using NEES facilities (3 yrs of testing across the nation; incl. borelogs) | 2-4 | 5,000 | 1,000 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| WUS site class coefficients | 3-5 | 1,350 | 270 | 0 | 0 |
| PNW site class coefficients | 4-6 | 900 | 120 | 60 | 0 |
| CEUS site class coefficients | 5-7 | 2,250 | 150 | 300 | 0 |
| Updates to work in years 11-20 | 1,800 | 0 | 0 | 180 | |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Constitutive models for soils | 17,150 | 1,490 | 1,440 | 250 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Component testing program (small scale) | 2-10 | 5,000 | 500 | 500 | 0 |
| System testing program (larger-scale, laminar boxes, field testing) using NEES facilities | 2-10 | 3,750 | 375 | 375 | 0 |
| Develop equivalent linear models | 2-10 | 2,250 | 225 | 225 | 0 |
| Develop nonlinear hysteretic models | 2-10 | 2,250 | 225 | 225 | 0 |
| Implementation in FE codes | 2-10 | 900 | 90 | 90 | 0 |
| Updates to work in Years 11-20 | 11-20 | 2,250 | 0 | 0 | 225 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Soil-foundation-structure interaction | 21,500 | 325 | 1,045 | 1,465 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 5 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 5 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Centrifuge testing programs (alternate soils, layers, ground water table) | 6-10 | 3,750 | 0 | 750 | 0 |
| Develop simplified guidelines and tools for isolated structures | 11-15 | 1,350 | 0 | 0 | 135 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Develop simplified guidelines and tools for clusters of structures | 11-15 | 1,350 | 0 | 0 | 135 |
| Develop procedures for time-domain FE analysis | 6-10, 15-20 | 2,700 | 0 | 270 | 135 |
| Develop procedures for probabilistic SSI analysis | 1-5 | 1,200 | 240 | 0 | 0 |
| Implementation of time and frequency domain algorithms in FE codes | 11-15 | 1,350 | 0 | 0 | 135 |
| Validation of numerical tools by experimentation using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 11-15 | 6,000 | 0 | 0 | 600 |
| Update of tools and procedures in Years 16-20 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 300 | |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5, 10, 15 , 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Selection and scaling of earthquake ground motions | 2,550 | 75 | 205 | 115 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop (assumes that Phase 1 procedures for buildings developed under existing contracts) | 2 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 2 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Update of procedures for buildings, accounting for SSI effects | 8-10 | 900 | 0 | 180 | 0 |
| Update of procedures in Years 11-20 | 900 | 0 | 0 | 90 | |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Improved hysteretic models of structural components | 42,300 | 2,115 | 2,115 | 2,115 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1,6,11,15 | 600 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Development of work-plan | 1,6,11,15 | 600 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Component testing program (NEES facilities) | 1-20 | 15,000 | 750 | 750 | 750 |
| Systems testing program (NEES/E-Defense facilities) | 1-20 | 8,000 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
| Develop nonlinear hysteretic models | 1-20 | 9,000 | 450 | 450 | 450 |
| Validate nonlinear hysteretic models | 1-20 | 8,000 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
| Develop guidelines and tools for FE analysis | Every 5 years | 600 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | Every 5 years | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Evaluate reliability of ASCE 41 procedures for PBD | 14,600 | 1,665 | 1,255 | 0 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Benchmark linear and nonlinear static procedures using nonlinear dynamic analysis | 2-4 | 1,800 | 360 | 0 | 0 |
| Revise linear and nonlinear static procedures based on benchmarking | 4-5 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Evaluation of procedures/acceptance criteria using NEES facilities | 2-5 | 6,000 | 1,200 | 0 | 0 |
| Evaluation of system-level predictions using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 6-8 | 6,000 | 0 | 1,200 | 0 |
| Update of nonlinear dynamic analysis procedures | 8-10 | 150 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 5 and 10 | 250 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
| Develop reliable tools for collapse computations | 37,250 | 1,050 | 4,075 | 1,163 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 3 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Development of work-plan | 3 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Experimentation using NEES facilities and E-Defense on multiple framing systems to collapse | 6-10 | 12,000 | 0 | 2,400 | 0 |
| Experimentation using NEES facilities on critical components of framing systems | 4-7 | 7,500 | 750 | 750 | 0 |
| Improved hysteretic models of structural components through failure (using also work on improved hysteretic models) | 4-20 | 4,500 | 225 | 225 | 225 |
| Understanding the triggers for collapse of multiple framing systems | 6-10 | 2,250 | 0 | 450 | 0 |
| Improved system-level collapse computations and FE codes | 6-15 | 2,250 | 0 | 225 | 113 |
| Validation of improved computational procedures using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 11-20 | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | Every 5 years | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Develop fragility and consequence functions for modern and archaic components | 5,875 | 858 | 218 | 50 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a workplan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Experimentation using NEES facilities | 2-4 (critical missing pieces) | 3,000 | 600 | 0 | 0 |
| Numerical studies using improved hysteretic models developed elsewhere | 4-6 | 1,800 | 180 | 180 | 0 |
| Develop and document fragility and consequence functions (not covered elsewhere, mining of existing data) | 2-8 | 125 | 13 | 13 | 0 |
| Update functions in Years 11-20 (Use experimental data generated elsewhere) | 250 | 0 | 0 | 25 | |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 5-yearly | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Loss estimation tools | 925 | 0 | 0 | 93 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Development of a work-plan | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Develop and implement tools for ground deformation | 12-13 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Develop and implement tools for fire-following-earthquake | 13-14 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Develop and implement tools related to carbon emissions | 12-13 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 15 | 125 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| Expected performance of code-conforming structures | 3,450 | 690 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Assess performance of code-conforming structures—WUS | 2-3 | 500 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Assess performance of code-conforming structures—PNW | 2-3 | 500 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Assess performance of code-conforming structures—CEUS | 2-3 | 1,000 | 200 | 0 | 0 |
| Revise ASCE-7 provisions, values of R, etc | 4 and 5 | 1,000 | 200 | 0 | 0 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 5 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Expand ATC-58 PBD methodology | 2,800 | 280 | 150 | 65 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Expand methodology to include ground deformation | 11-13 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Expand methodology to include post-earthquake flooding | 11-13 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Extend methodology to lifelines | 2-4 | 500 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Extend methodology to earthen structures | 2-4 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Extend methodology to selected infrastructure | 6-10 | 500 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| Extend methodology to flood protection structures | 2-4 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Prepare technical briefs | 5, 10, 15 | 750 | 50 | 50 | 25 |
| PB design of nonstructural components and systems | 1,325 | 265 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop procedures and tools for architectural and M/E/P components systems | 2-5 | 1,000 | 200 | 0 | 0 |
| Prepare technical brief | 5 | 125 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Smart/innovative/adaptive/sustainable components and framing systems | 51,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,650 | |
| Development and deployment of smart framing systems, incl. hysteretic models | 1-20 | 20,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Development and deployment of adaptive components, incl. hysteretic models | 1-20 | 20,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Development and deployment of sustainable components (systems), incl. hysteretic models | 1-20 | 10,000 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Preparation of standards and guidelines for smart framing systems | 11-20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Preparation of standards and guidelines for adaptive components | 11-20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Preparation of standards and guidelines for sustainable components | 11-20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Carbon footprint of new and retrofit building construction | 675 | 135 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 150 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of a work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbon footprint calculation framework for new and archaic framing systems | 2 and 3 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbon footprint calculations for retrofit construction | 3 and 4 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Inclusion of carbon-based effects in loss computations | 4 and 5 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Prepare a technical brief | 5 | 125 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Implementation: updating of standards and guidelines | 20,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | |
| Total Cost | 891,510 | 46,742 | 47,712 | 41,924 | |
a Bold headings within the Research and Development Task column represent the overarching title and cost summary of underlying non-bold components.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.8 Summary Cost Breakdown (in $000) for Task 16: Next Generation Sustainable Materials, Components, and Systems
| Research and Development Task | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) | |
| Engineering research center management | 55,735 | 2,787 | 2,787 | 2,787 | |
| Investigate and characterize new materials | 73,300 | 4,685 | 6,575 | 1,700 | |
| Devise new modular precast components and framing systems | 8,175 | 0 | 835 | 400 | |
| Develop tools, technologies, and details to join new materials | 16,000 | 0 | 1,100 | 1,050 | |
| Prototype components, connections, and framing systems | 8,200 | 0 | 469 | 586 | |
| Moderate and full-scale testing of components with new materials using NEES infrastructure | 50,700 | 0 | 0 | 5,070 | |
| Full-scale tests of 3D framing systems | 15,550 | 0 | 0 | 1,555 | |
| Develop design tools and equations for new materials | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 | |
| Develop and characterize a new family of adaptive materials | 15,650 | 0 | 1,600 | 765 | |
| Develop robust algorithms for controlling the response of adaptive materials | 5,300 | 0 | 0 | 530 | |
| Develop a family of low-cost, low-power, zero maintenance wireless sensors | 12,800 | 685 | 625 | 625 | |
| Prototype adaptive materials and components at the macro scale | 8,100 | 0 | 0 | 810 | |
| Develop algorithms to control response of framing systems with adaptive components | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 | |
| Moderate and full-scale testing of adaptive components using NEES infrastructure | 25,550 | 0 | 0 | 2,555 | |
| Full-scale tests of adaptive 3D framing systems | 15,350 | 0 | 0 | 1,535 | |
| Develop design tools and equations for adaptive components and systems | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 | |
| Total Cost | 334,410 | 8,157 | 13,990 | 22,368 | |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.9 Summary Cost Breakdown (in $000) for Task 16: Next Generation Sustainable Materials, Components, and Systemsa
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Engineering research center management | 1-20 | 55,735 | 2,787 | 2,787 | 2,787 |
| Investigate and characterize new materials | 73,300 | 4,685 | 6,575 | 1,700 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Small-scale characterization studies—concrete (low-cement, very high strength, fiber-reinforced) | 2-10 | 15,000 | 1,500 | 1,500 | 0 |
| Small-scale characterization studies—metals | 2-10 | 15,000 | 1,500 | 1,500 | 0 |
| Small-scale characterization—polymers | 2-10 | 15,000 | 1,500 | 1,500 | 0 |
| Small-scale characterization—others | 6-15 | 7,500 | 0 | 750 | 375 |
| Develop micro-mechanical models for new materials | 6-20 | 18,000 | 0 | 1,200 | 1,200 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 2,500 | 125 | 125 | 125 |
| Devise new modular precast components and framing systems | 8,175 | 0 | 835 | 400 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 6 | 200 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 6 | 100 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Develop new components and systems | 7-15 | 7,500 | 0 | 750 | 375 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 10, 15, 20 | 375 | 0 | 25 | 25 |
| Develop tools, technologies, and details to join new materials | 16,000 | 0 | 1,100 | 1,050 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 6 | 150 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 6 | 100 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Component testing program (small scale) | 7-20 | 15,000 | 0 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 10, 15, 20 | 750 | 0 | 50 | 50 |
| Prototype components, connections, and framing systems | 8,200 | 0 | 469 | 586 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 8 | 100 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 8 | 100 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Prototype components, connections, and systems | 9-15 | 7,500 | 0 | 429 | 536 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 15, 20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Moderate and full-scale testing of components with new materials using NEES infrastructure | 50,700 | 0 | 0 | 5,070 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Development of work-plan | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Component testing program (reaction walls/floors, laminar boxes) using NEES facilities | 12-20 | 30,000 | 0 | 0 | 3,000 |
| Develop nonlinear hysteretic models and design equations for materials standards | 12-20 | 9,000 | 0 | 0 | 900 |
| Implementation of models in FE codes | 12-20 | 9,000 | 0 | 0 | 900 |
| Develop fragility and consequence functions for PBD | 12-20 | 2,000 | 0 | 0 | 200 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 15, 20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Full-scale tests of 3D framing systems | 15,550 | 0 | 0 | 1,555 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 16 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Development of work-plan | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Full-scale testing using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 17-20 | 12,500 | 0 | 0 | 1,250 |
| Validation of numerical tools and models | 18-20 | 2,250 | 0 | 0 | 225 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 15 and 20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Develop design tools and equations for new materials | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 16 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Development of work-plan | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Develop design tools and equations | 17-20 | 4,500 | 0 | 0 | 450 |
| Prepare materials standards (e.g., ACI 318) | 17-20 | 2,700 | 0 | 0 | 270 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Develop and characterize a new family of adaptive materials | 15,650 | 0 | 1,600 | 765 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 6 | 200 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 6 | 150 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Develop and characterize new materials and fluids | 7-15 | 15,000 | 0 | 1,500 | 750 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 10 and 15 | 300 | 0 | 30 | 15 |
| Develop robust algorithms for controlling the response of adaptive materials | 5,300 | 0 | 0 | 530 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 11 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Development of work-plan | 11 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Algorithm development and validation | 12-18 | 4,500 | 0 | 0 | 450 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 15 and 20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Develop a family of low-cost, low-power, zero maintenance wireless sensors | 12,800 | 685 | 625 | 625 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 1 | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Development of work-plan | 1 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Develop sensors | 2-20 | 12,000 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Research and Development Task | Year | Task Breakdown ($) | Years 1-5 (Annualized) ($) | Years 6-10 (Annualized) ($) | Years 11-20 (Annualized) ($) |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 5, 10, 15, 20 | 500 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Prototype adaptive materials and components at the macro scale | 8,100 | 0 | 0 | 810 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 11 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Development of work-plan | 11 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Prototype components, connections, and systems | 12-15 | 7,500 | 0 | 0 | 750 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 15 and 20 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Develop algorithms to control response of framing systems with adaptive components | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 11 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Development of a work-plan | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Algorithm development and validation by testing | 12-20 | 7,500 | 0 | 0 | 750 |
| Synthesis of results and preparation of technical briefs | 15 and 20 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Moderate and full-scale testing of adaptive components using NEES infrastructure | 25,550 | 0 | 0 | 2,555 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 15 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Development of work-plan | 15 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Component testing program (reaction walls/floors, laminar boxes) using NEES facilities | 16-20 | 15,000 | 0 | 0 | 1,500 |
| Develop nonlinear hysteretic models and design equations for materials standards | 16-20 | 4,500 | 0 | 0 | 450 |
| Implementation of models in FE codes | 16-20 | 4,500 | 0 | 0 | 450 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
| Develop fragility and consequence functions for PBD | 16-20 | 1,000 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of a technical brief | 20 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Full-scale tests of adaptive 3D framing systems | 15,350 | 0 | 0 | 1,535 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 16 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Development of work-plan | 16 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Full-scale testing using NEES facilities and E-Defense | 17-20 | 12,500 | 0 | 0 | 1,250 |
| Validation of numerical tools and models | 18-20 | 2,250 | 0 | 0 | 225 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 20 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Develop design tools and equations for adaptive components and systems | 8,000 | 0 | 0 | 800 | |
| Scoping studies and workshop | 16 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Development of work-plan | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Develop design tools and equations | 17-20 | 4,500 | 0 | 0 | 450 |
| Prepare materials standards (e.g., ACI 318) | 17-20 | 2,700 | 0 | 0 | 270 |
| Synthesis of data and preparation of technical briefs | 20 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Total Cost | 334,410 | 8,157 | 13,990 | 22,367 | |
a Bold headings within the Research and Development Task column represent the overarching title and cost summary of underlying non-bold components.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
TABLE E.10 Cost Breakdown (in $million) for Task 18: Earthquake-Resilient Communities and Regional Demonstration Projectsa
| Budget Component | Task Total Cost | Expenditure by Year | |||||||||||||
| 1-2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8-9 | 10 | 11-13 | 14 | 15-17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | ||
| Program management and support | 22 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.375 |
| National outreach and information | 20 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Strategy preparation | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Data collection and profile | 5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Independent research | 20 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Community outreach | 840 | 0 | 7.5 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 52.5 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 45 | 30 | 15 |
| Gap-filling (tools, guidance, etc.) | 5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Monitor, evaluate, analysis, feedback, revision | 0 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Revise strategy | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Annual workshop | 3 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| State participation (estimate 30 states) | 73.5 | 0 | 0.75 | 2.25 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Total Cost | 1,001 | 3.9 | 12 | 21.3 | 37 | 54 | 61 | 68.5 | 69.5 | 69 | 69.5 | 69 | 54.5 | 39 | 24 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: Additional Cost Information." National Research Council. 2011. National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/13092.
a Task 18 Assumptions:
• Community component (ramping up and down)—The proposal is to identify early adoption communities to conduct pilot and demonstration programs in about 280 communities. The project would begin by selecting 10 pilot communities in years 3 and 4 to test and develop the program and materials. In years 5-16 the project would add 20 demonstration communities. Pilot and demonstration communities would receive an average of $750,000 per year for 4 years after which they would be expected to have the information, understanding, tools, organizations, motivation, and support needed to sustain resilience-improving efforts into the future.
• Data collection (data profiling) would occur during the first 2 years in coordination with development of the strategy, and then each year as new communities require individual hazard assessments, etc.
• Program management and support staff costs would be budgeted at the GS13 salary range, about $125,000/year including benefits. The initial staff would be 4 in number, 3 additional staff persons would be added in year 4, and 3 additional staff persons in year 10 for a total of 11. (4 × 125 = 500,000; 7 x .125 = .875; 11 x .125 = 1.375)
• Existing centers at Delaware (DRC), University of South Carolina, Texas A&M, UCLA, USC CREATES Center have the capability to do community assessments and evaluation of the program and individual communities.
• National outreach provides funds for providing information, engaging specialists, evaluating events that occur, etc.
• Consultation at the state level will be important in the selection and support of the communities.
• Leverage with the other components—National Seismic Hazard Maps, HAZUS, community-specific hazard maps, earthquake provisions in codes, training materials for professionals, learning from earthquakes presentations at annual workshops, NSF could sponsor research on the process.
• Must describe outcomes of more resilient communities in more meaningful terms such as codes adopted and enforced, community understanding, land-use plans that consider earthquake hazard, that measures taken before earthquakes will have a multihazard application
• Community strategy could “require” a comprehensive school earthquake safety element (awareness, curriculum, preparedness, building analysis and mitigation).
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