| AJHM | Advanced Joule-Heated Melter |
| ALT | accelerated leach test |
| ANSI | American Nuclear Standards Industry |
| ANSTO | Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| BDAT | best demonstrated available technology |
| CAA | Clean Air Act |
| CCIM | Cold Crucible Induction Melter |
| CERCLA | Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
| CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations |
| CID | Central Internet Database |
| CNWRA | Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses |
| CP&S | Cold Pressing and Sintering |
| CRR | Carbon Reduction Reformer |
| CRWMS | Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System |
| CWF | ceramic waste form |
| DBVS | Demonstration Bulk Vitrification System |
| DMR | Denitration and Mineralization Reformer |
| DOE-EM | U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management |
| DOE-NE | U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy |
| DWPF | Defense Waste Processing Facility |
| EA | Environmental Assessment |
| EBS | engineered barrier system |
| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| FBSR | Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming |
| FCC | Fluid Catalytic Cracker |
| FUETHP | formed under elevated temperature and pressure |
| FY | fiscal year |
| GCMs | glass-ceramic materials |
| GTCC | Greater-Than-Class-C |
| HAW | high-activity waste |
| HLW | high-level radioactive waste |
| HLVIT | HLW vitrification |
| HWC | Hazardous Waste Combustor |
| HWMA | Hazardous Waste Management Act |
| ICU | In-Container Vitrification |
| ILAW | immobilized low-activity waste |
| INL | Idaho National Laboratory |
| JHM | Joule-Heated Melter |
| LAW | low-activity waste |
| LDR | land disposal restrictions |
| LLW | low-level radioactive waste |
| LRM | LAW Reference Material |
| LRO | long-range order |
| MACT | Maximum Achievable Control Technology |
| MCC | Materials Characterization Center |
| MOFS | metal-organic frameworks |
| MRN | modified random network |
| MRO | medium-range order |
| MT | metric tons (tonnes) |
| MTHM | metric tons heavy metal |
| MTRU | mixed transuranic |
| NAS | National Academy of Sciences |
| NBO | non-bridging oxygen atoms |
| NDAA | National Defense Authorization Act |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NWPA | Nuclear Waste Policy Act |
| NWTRB | Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board |
| NWTS | Nuclear Waste Terminal Storage |
| NZP | sodium zirconium phosphate |
| OCRWM | Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management |
| ONWI | Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation |
| PA | performance assessment |
| PCT | Product Consistency Test |
| PHP | plasma hearth process |
| PMF | powder mineral fuels |
| PNNL | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| PUF | Pressurized Unsaturated Flow |
| R&D | research and development |
| RCRA | Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
| Redox | reduction-oxidation |
| SHIVA | Advanced Hybrid System for Incineration and Vitrification |
| SNF | spent nuclear fuel |
| SPFT | Single-Pass Flow-Through |
| SRO | short-range order |
| SRS | Savannah River Site |
| SSV | self-sustaining vitrification |
| SYNROC | synthetic rock |
| THOR® | Thermal Organic Reduction |
| TRU | transuranic |
| TSPA-LA | Total System Performance Assessment—License Application |
| TST | transition state theory |
| USNRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| UTS | universal treatment standards |
| VHT | Vapor Hydration Test |
| VSL | Vitreous State Laboratory |
| WAC | waste acceptance criteria |