ACA Acetoacetate

ACES Army Center of Excellence, Subsistence

ACL Acetyl-L-Carnitine

AD Alzheimer’s disease

ADA American Dietetic Association

ADAS-Cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale

ADP Adenosine diphosphate

AED Anti-epileptic drug(s)

AI Adequate Intake

ALA Alpha-linolenic acid

ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

AMP Adenosine monophosphate

AMPK 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase

AOC Alteration of Consciousness/Mental State

ASPEN American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

ATP Adenosine 5′-triphosphate

ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

bAMC Bilateral anterior medial cortex

BBB Blood-brain barrier

BCAA Branched-chain amino acids

BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BI Barthel Index

BMI Body Mass Index

BOH β-hydroxyburate

BTF Brain Trauma Foundation

Ca²⁺ Intracellular calcium

CaEDTA Calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate

CaMKII Calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase I

CCI Controlled cortical impact

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDP-choline Cytidine 5′–diphosphocholine

CI Confidence Interval

CI Cerebral infarction

CNS Central nervous system

CNS Canadian Neurological Score

COBRIT Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment

CREB Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding

CSF Cerebral spinal fluid

CSWF Continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep

CT Computerized tomography

CTE Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

CVA Cerebrovascular disease

CVD Cardiovascular disease

DAI Diffuse axonal injury

DCI Delayed cerebral ischemia

DFE Dietary folate equivalents

DHA Docosahexaenoic acid

DM Diabetes mellitus

DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

DoD Department of Defense

DRI Dietary Reference Intakes

DRS Disability Rating Scores

DVBIC Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center

DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging

EAR Estimated Average Requirements

EBG Evidence-Based Guidelines

EDTA Ethylene diamine teta-acetic acid (typically in the form of a salt)

EEG Electroencephalography

EGb Ginkgo biloba extract

EN Enteral Nutrition

EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid

ESPEN European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

FAST-MAG Field Administration of Stroke Therapy—Magnesium

FFA Free fatty acid(s)

FMD Flow-mediated dilatation

fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

FP Fluid percussion

FSCM Food Service Contract Management

FSMB Food Service Management Board

GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GABA_A Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A

GCS Glasgow Coma Scale

GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GHB Gamma hydroxybutyrate

GOS Glasgow Outcome Score

GRV Gastric residual volume

GSH Glutathione

HIF-1 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1

HR Hazard ratio

ICP Intracranial pressure

ICU Intensive care unit

IED Improvised explosive devices

IGF-I Insulin-like growth factor

IL-1 Interleukin-1

i.m. intramuscularly/intramuscular

IMAGES Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke

IOM Institute of Medicine

IRB Institutional Review Board

IU International Units

i.v. Intravenously/intravenous

JCCoE Joint Culinary Center of Excellence

LDL Low-density lipoprotein

LDL-c Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LOC Loss of Consciousness

LOS Length of hospital stay

MCT Medium-chain triglycerides

MDA Malondialdehyde

MDRI Military Dietary Reference Intake

Mg Magnesium

MgSO₄ Magnesium sulfate

MI Myocardial infarction

MRE Meal, Ready to Eat

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging

mRS Modified Rankin Scale

MT Metallothionein

mTBI Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

MWM Morris water maze

Na Sodium

NAD⁺ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NE Niacin equivalents

NGF Nerve growth factor

NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

NIH National Institutes of Health

NIHSS NIH Stroke Scale

NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate

NO Nitric oxide

NPD1 Neuroprotectin D1

NSE Neuron specific enolase

NSOR Nutritional standards for operational rations

NT-3 Neurotrophin 3

OEF Operation Enduring Freedom

OIF Operation Iraqi Freedom

OR Odds ratio

Oxy-Hb Oxy-hemoglobin

PARP Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

PICO Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome

PN Parenteral Nutrition

PTA Post Traumatic Amnesia

PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder

PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

RCT Randomized control trial

RDA Recommended Dietary Allowances

RMR Resting Metabolic Rate

RNA Ribonucleic acid

ROS Reactive oxygen species

RQ Respiratory quotient

RR Risk ratio

RXR Retinoic acid receptor

SAH Subarachnoid hemorrhage

SCCM Society of Critical Care Medicine

SDNN Standard deviation of normal RR intervals

SEM Standard error of mean

SGZ Subgranular zone

SIRT1 Sirtuin-1

SOD Superoxide dismutase

SVX Subventricular zone

TBD To be determined

TBI Traumatic brain injury

TEF Thermal effect of food

TNF Tumor necrosis factor

TPN Total parenteral nutrition

TUNEL Transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick-end labeling

UCP Uncoupling protein

UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level

USARIEM U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

VA Department of Veterans Affairs

VDR Vitamin D receptor

VDRE Vitamin D response elements

VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor

WMH White matter hypersensitivity

WRAMC Walter Reed Army Medical Center

XO Xanthine oxidase

Zn Zinc

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