| AARP | American Association of Retired Persons |
| ACS | American Cancer Society |
| ACS | American College of Surgeons |
| AHEAD | Action for HEAlth in Diabetes |
| ALDH | aldehyde dehydrogenase |
| AMP | adenosine monophosphate |
| ASCO | American Society of Clinical Oncology |
| ATAC | Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination trial |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CHALLENGE | Colon Health and Life-Long Exercise Change |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CWLS | Collaborative Women’s Longevity Study |
| CXCL | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand |
| CXCR | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DPP | diabetes prevention program |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| ER | estrogen receptor |
| ERK | extracellular-signal-regulated kinase |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FFA | free fatty acid |
| GP | glycoprotein |
| HEAL | Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle study |
| IGF | insulin-like growth factor |
| IL | interleukin |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine |
| IRS | insulin receptor substrate |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| LIF | leukemia inhibitory factor |
| MAC | macrophages |
| MCP | monocyte chemotactic protein |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| NCPF | National Cancer Policy Forum |
| NF-kB | nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NHS | Nurses’ Health Study |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| PAI | plasminogen activator inhibitor |
| PGE | prostaglandin |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PR | progesterone receptor |
| PSA | prostate specific antigen |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| REAP | Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Patients |
| RMR | resting metabolic rate |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SHBG | sex hormone binding globulin |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| TEE | total energy expenditure |
| TEF | thermic effect of food |
| TG | triglycerides |
| TGFβ | transforming growth factor β |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TPA | tumor promoting agent |
| TREC | Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer |
| TSC | tuberous sclerosis protein |
| USPSTF | U.S. Preventative Services Task Force |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| WCRF | World Cancer Research Fund |
| WHEL | Women’s Healthy Eating and Living study |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WINS | Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study |