| ABCC | Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission | |
| ACS | American Community Survey | |
| ADAMS | Agencywide Documents Access and Management System | |
| AHS | Adult Health Study | |
| ALARA | As Low As (is) Reasonably Achievable | |
| ALL | Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia | |
| AML | Acute Myeloid Leukemia | |
| AREER | Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Reports | |
| BEIR | Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation | |
| BRFSS | Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System | |
| BWR | Boiling-Water Reactor | |
| CANUPIS | Childhood Cancer and Nuclear Power Plants in Switzerland | |
| CCRN | Childhood Cancer Research Network | |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations | |
| CEDE | Committed Effective Dose Equivalent | |
| CI | Confidence Interval | |
| CLL | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | |
| CML | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | |
| CNS | Central Nervous System | |
| COG | Children’s Oncology Group | |
| COMARE | Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment |
| CRDA | Cancer Registry Data Access | |
| CT | Computed Tomography | |
| DEP | Department of Environmental Protection | |
| DDREF | Dose and Dose Rate Effectiveness Factor | |
| DMV | Department of Motor Vehicles | |
| ECLIS | European Childhood Leukemia-Lymphoma Incidence Study | |
| ERR | Excess Relative Risk | |
| GCCR | German Childhood Cancer Registry | |
| GIS | Geographic Information System | |
| GPI | Groundwater Protection Initiative | |
| GU | Geographic Unit | |
| HATM | Human Alimentary Tract Model | |
| HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act | |
| HPIC | High-Pressure Ionization Chambers | |
| HRTM | Human Respiratory Tract Model | |
| IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency | |
| IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer | |
| ICD | International Classification of Diseases | |
| ICRP | International Commission on Radiological Protection | |
| ICRU | International Commission on Radiation Unites | |
| IRB | Institutional Research Board | |
| KiKK | Kinderkrebs in der Umgebung von Kernkraftwerken | |
| LET | Linear Energy Transfer | |
| LNT | Linear No-Threshold | |
| LSS | Life Span Study | |
| MCL | Maximum Contaminant Level | |
| MDL | Minimum Detection Limit | |
| MEI | Maximally Exposed Individual | |
| MPC | Maximum Permissible Concentration | |
| NAACCR | North American Association of Central Cancer Registries | |
| NAS | National Academy of Sciences | |
| NCCDPHP | National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion | |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| NCHS | National Center for Health Statistics | |
| NCRP | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements | |
| NDI | National Death Index | |
| NEI | Nuclear Energy Institute | |
| NFS | Nuclear Fuel Services | |
| NHAMCS | National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey | |
| NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | |
| NHCS | National Hospital Care Survey | |
| NHDS | National Hospital Discharge Survey | |
| NHIS | National Health Interview Survey | |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health | |
| NPCR | National Program of Cancer Registries | |
| NPP | Nuclear Power Plant | |
| ODCM | Offsite Dose Calculational Manual | |
| OMB | Office of Management and Budget | |
| OR | Odds Ratio | |
| ORAU | Oak Ridge Associated Universities | |
| PNL | Pacific Northwest Laboratory | |
| PNNL | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | |
| PRA | Paperwork Reduction Act | |
| PWR | Pressurized-Water Reactor | |
| QA | Quality Assurance | |
| QF | Quality Factor | |
| RDD | Random-Digit Dialing | |
| REMP | Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program | |
| REF | Radiation Effectiveness Factors | |
| RERF | Radiation Effects Research Foundation | |
| RETS | Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications | |
| RR | Relative Risk | |
| SEER | Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results | |
| SIR | Standardized Incidence Rate | |
| SMR | Standardized Mortality Rate | |
| SSN | Social Security Number | |
| TEDE | Total Effective Dose Equivalent | |
| TLD | Thermoluminescent Dosimeter | |
| TRI | Toxics Release Inventory |
| UNSCEAR | United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation | |
| USCS | United States Cancer Statistics | |
| USDOE | U.S. Department of Energy | |
| USEPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | |
| USNRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission | |
| USPS | U.S. Postal Service | |
| WECARE | Women’s Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology | |
| WHO | World Health Organization | |
| ZCTA | ZIP Code Tabulation Area |