Previous Chapter: 3 Biogenic Emissions to the Atmosphere
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 42.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 43.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 44.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 45.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 49.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 51.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 52.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 53.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 54.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 55.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.

There was a problem loading page 56.

Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 39
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 40
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 41
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 42
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 43
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 44
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 45
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 46
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 47
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 48
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 49
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 50
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 51
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 52
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 53
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 54
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
Page 55
Suggested Citation: "4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances." National Research Council. 1981. Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/135.
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Next Chapter: 5 Atmospheric Transport, Transformation, and Deposition Processes
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