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Front Matter i-xi
PART ONE: STATUS, TRENDS, AND ISSUES 1-1
Introduction 2-3
Status of the Enterprise 4-5
1958 TO 1968: EXPANSION 6-6
1968 TO 1978: STEADY-STATE 7-7
1978 TO 1988: DIVERSIFICATION 8-9
FORCES FOR EXPANSION AND DIVERSIFICATION 10-16
THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT 17-18
RESEARCH PERSONNEL 19-19
FINANCIAL RESOURCES. 20-21
ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES 22-22
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITIES 23-23
CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE 24-24
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION 25-25
FUNDING ACADEMIC RESEARCH 26-26
Conclusion 27-27
Notes 28-29
PART TWO: OVERVIEW OF THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH ENTERPRISE 30-30
Introduction 31-32
Summary of Major Trends 33-33
NATIONAL R&D: CHARACTER 34-34
ACADEMIC R&D SHARE OF TOTAL U.S. R&D 35-35
ACADEMIC R&D: SHARE OF U.S. GNP 36-36
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: R&D EXPENDITURES 37-37
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES. 38-38
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: PERSONNEL 39-39
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: ENROLLMENTS 40-40
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: S&E DEGREES 41-41
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: PER-PERSON EXPENDITURES 42-42
National R&D Expenditures 43-43
NATIONAL R&D: PERFORMERS 44-44
NATIONAL R&D: SOURCES OF FUNDING 45-45
NATIONAL RESEARCH: PERFORMERS 46-46
NATIONAL RESEARCH: SOURCES OF FUNDING 47-47
NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH: PERFORMERS 48-48
NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH: SOURCES OF FUNDING 49-49
Academic R&D Expenditures 50-50
ACADEMIC R&D: CHARACTER OF RESEARCH 51-51
ACADEMIC R&D: SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FIELDS 52-52
ACADEMIC R&D: SOURCE OF FUNDING 53-53
ACADEMIC R&D: TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS 54-54
SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PRIVATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS 55-55
SOURCES OF R&D FUNDING: PUBLIC DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS 56-56
ACADEMIC S&E FACILITIES: RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION 57-57
ACADEMIC S&E FACILITIES: SOURCE OF FUNDING 58-58
ACADEMIC RESEARCH EQUIPMENT: SOURCE OF FUNDS 59-59
ACADEMIC R&D EXPENDITURES PER INVESTIGATOR: EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES 60-60
TOTAL ACADEMIC R&D: ESTIMATED COST COMPONENTS 61-61
TOTAL ACADEMIC R&D: ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES PER INVESTIGATOR 62-62
PERSONNEL EXPENDITURES: NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 63-63
Total Academic Expenditures And Revenues 64-64
TOTAL ACADEMIC OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE 65-65
TOTAL ACADEMIC OPERATING REVENUES: SOURCES 66-66
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING EXPENDITURES: PURPOSE 67-67
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION EXPENDITURES: PER FACULTY AND STUDENT 68-68
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING REVENUES: SOURCES 69-69
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION OPERATING REVENUES: BY GOVERNANCE 70-70
OPERATING REVENUES: PRIVATE DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS 71-71
OPERATING REVENUES: PUBLIC DOCTORAL INSTITUTIONS 72-72
Academic Personnel 73-73
TOTAL ACADEMIC FACULTY 74-74
ACADEMIC SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS 75-75
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION FACULTY 76-76
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION FACULTY: PER STUDENT AND DEGREE 77-77
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS 78-78
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION RESEARCH PERSONNEL 79-79
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION S&E PERSONNEL RATIOS 80-80
Higher Education Enrollments 81-81
HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: BY INSTITUTION TYPE 82-82
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION ENROLLMENTS: UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE 83-83
DOCTORAL INSTITUTION AVERAGE ENROLLMENTS 84-84
HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENTS: PERCENT FEMALE 85-85
Science and Engineering Degrees 86-86
TOTAL S&E DEGREES: TYPE OF DEGREE 87-87
TOTAL BACHELORS DEGREES: S&E AND OTHER FIELDS 88-88
S&E BACHELORS DEGREES: ACADEMIC FIELD 89-89
S&E BACHELORS DEGREES: GENDER 90-90
TOTAL PH.D. DEGREES: S&E AND OTHER FIELDS 91-91
S&E PH.D. DEGREES: ACADEMIC FIELD 92-92
S&E PH.D. DEGREES: INSTITUTION GOVERNANCE 93-93
S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER 94-94
PH.D. DEGREES BY ETHNICITY: NATURAL SCIENCES 95-95
PH.D. DEGREES BY ETHNICITY: ENGINEERING 96-96
PH.D. DEGREES BY CITIZENSHIP: NATURAL SCIENCES 97-97
PH.D. DEGREES BY CITIZENSHIP: ENGINEERING 98-98
Primary Data Sources 99-99

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Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise: Status, Trends, and Issues (1989)

Chapter: S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER

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Science and Technology in the Academic Enterprise: Status, Trends, and Issues (1989)

Chapter: S&E PH.D. DEGREES: GENDER