Automotive Fuel Economy: How Far Can We Go? (1992)
Chapter: INDEX
INDEX
A
Active noise control, 44
Air Quality Act of 1967, 71
Automobile consumers, 9-10, 107-120
age and buying preferences, 116-117, 119-120
and fuel economy, 9-10, 27, 111-112, 117-119, 120, 156-159, 170
and future price increases, 110-111
demand for optional equipment/performance, 110, 117-118, 119
fuel economy/fuel price trade offs, 112-114, 118
mix of automotive purchases, 9, 114
new-car expenditures, 107-111
Automotive industry (U.S.), 8-9, 26, 90-105
capacity for investment, 9, 100-102
financial performance, 91-93, 104
impact of competition, 8, 91-92, 93-102, 105
impact of emissions standards, 94 (note 7), 100, 104
impact of fuel economy standards, 90, 91, 100-102, 159-162
impact of international fuel prices, 103, 105
Japanese transplants, 91, 96-97
product development, U.S. vs. Japanese, 98-100, 102, 105
Automotive market, 107-111
new-car expenditures, 107, 109
sales and scrappage, 107-108, 110
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program, 80, 81
C
Car sales by size class, 18, 22
Catalyst systems
heated, 79
Charge to the committee, 1
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 71
Clean Air Act amendments, 69, 71, 72-75
see also, prototype vehicles
Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) system
alternatives/supplements to, 10-11, 173-180, 185-186, 187
fees and rebates, 11, 179-180, 186
increased fuel prices, 11, 173-178, 186
current system, 12, 168-173, 183 (note 28)
strengths, 172-173
percentage improvement approach, 10, 181, 187
potential modifications to, 11, 180-185, 186-187
vehicle attribute approach, 181-182
D
Downsizing/downweighting, 39, 62, 63
estimates of safety impact, 5-6, 51-55, 62, 63
GAO study, 54-55
need for further study, 63
NHTSA study, 53
OTA study, 55
E
Emissions, 26
impact on global warming, 70
nature of, 69-72
costs, 159
hydrocarbons, 79
impact on fuel economy, 7-8, 75-82, 105, 164
indirect impacts, 84
meeting future standards, 7-8, 82-83, 84-85
NOx, 76-79
on-board fuel recovery, 70, 80
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA)
Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 12
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), 44, 77
F
Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS), 54 (note 7), 55-56
Fatality rates, 47
by crash type, 50
Fatality risk, 56
and crash severity, 49-50
and design compatibility, 51, 59
and ride-down distances, 50
and rollover stability, 5-6, 48-49, 58, 59, 62
Federal Test Procedure (FTP), 30
highway cycle, 37
urban cycle, 37
Fuel
chemical energy in, 31, 32, 35, 36
cost-benefits of reduced consumption, 23-25
Fuel economy
and emissions control, 7-8, 75-82, 84-85
determinants, 32-40
Japanese interest in, 90
trends, 13-22
U.S. vs. Japanese cars, 90
Fuel economy estimates
practically achievable, 1, 154-165
cost-benefit consideration, 154-156, 157
costs-benefits for consumers, 156-159
costs-benefits for manufacturers, 159-162
costs-benefits for nation, 163
technically achievable, 1-3, 150-154
Fuel economy projections, 122-146
committee projections, 126-144, 146
assumptions, 125-126
best-in-class projections, 131-135, 146
historical trend projections, 126-131
Fuel economy projections
committee projections (continued)
technology-penetration projections (shopping cart), 133-144, 146
previous efforts, 122-125
G
carbon dioxide emissions 24, 104, 156, 163
L
Lean-burn engines, 43, 217-221
Light trucks
sales by size class, 22
M
Model year, defined, 12 (note 4)
Multipoint fuel injection, 39, 42
N
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 53, 58
and light trucks, 59
and rollover stability, 59
New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), 58 (note 16)
P
Performance
and fuel economy, 37
passenger cars, 20
Policy coordination and analysis, 8, 165-166
data collection to support, 5
Prototype vehicles, 45, 222-225
see also, concept vehicles
S
and fuel economy, 5-7, 59, 60-61, 62, 63, 163
and shift to light trucks, 55, 57-58
and societal values, 7, 61-62, 63
cost of future safety standards, 159
data issues, 55-56
individual vs. societal risk, 56-57, 227-231
see also, downsizing/downweighting, fatality rates, fatality risks
Size class definition, 18 (note 9)
