| ACE | American Council on Education |
| AFMC | Air Force Materiel Command |
| AFOSR | Air Force Office of Scientific Research |
| AFRIMS | U.S.-Thai Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences |
| AFRL | Air Force Research Laboratory |
| AMC | Army Materiel Command |
| AOARD | Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development |
| ARO | Army Research Office |
| ARL | Army Research Laboratory |
| ASA(AL&T) | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics & Technology |
| ASAF(AQ) | Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition |
| ASD(R&E) | Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering |
| ASEAN | Association of South East Asian Nations |
| ASN(RD&A) | Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development & Acquisition |
| BGST | Board on Global Science and Technology |
| BRIC | Brazil, Russia, India, China |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control |
| CERN | European Organization for Nuclear Research |
| COI | Communities of Interest |
| DARPA | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| DASA(R&T) | Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research & Technology |
| DASAF(ST&E) | Deputy Assistant of the Air Force for Science, Technology & Engineering |
| DDR&E | Director of Defense Research for Research and Engineering |
| DHS | Department of Homeland Security |
| DoD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DOI | Department of the Interior |
| DRE | Defense Research Enterprise |
| DREN | Defense Research and Engineering Network |
| DSB | Defense Science Board |
| DSTO | Defence Science and Technology Organisation (Australia) |
| DTRA | Defense Threat Reduction Agency |
| EC | European Commission |
| EMBL | European Molecular Biology Laboratory |
| EOARD | European Office of Aerospace Research & Development |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| ERASMUS | European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students |
| EU | European Union |
| ESTH | Environment, Science, Technology and Health |
| FAST | Field Assistance in Science & Technology |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FFRDC | Federally Funded Research & Development Center |
| GSTOC | Committee on Globalization of Science and Technology: Opportunities and Challenges for the Department of Defense |
| ICRI | Intel International Collaborative Research Institute |
| ICUK | Innovation China UK Program |
| IODP | Integrated Ocean Drilling Program |
| IPOC | International Point of Contact |
| ISTCs | Intel Science and Technology Centers |
| ITC | International Technology Center |
| ITRI | Industrial Technology Research Institute |
| JSPS | Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NATO STO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization Science & Technology Organization |
| NICOP | Naval International Cooperation Opportunities in S&T Program |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NIPO | Navy International Programs Office |
| NIPR | Non-classified Internet Protocol |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards & Technology |
| NOAA | National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Agency |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NRE | Naval Research Enterprise |
| NRL | Naval Research Laboratory |
| NSB | National Science Board |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| OES | Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental & Scientific Affairs |
| ONR | Office of Naval Research |
| ONR-G | Office of Naval Research Global |
| OSD | Office of the Secretary of Defense |
| OSTP | Office of Science & Technology Policy |
| PIRE | Partnerships for International Research & Education |
| QDR | Quadrennial Defense Review Report |
| RDEC | Research, Development & Engineering Center |
| RDECOM | Research, Development & Engineering Command |
| RFEC | RDECOM Forward Element Command |
| R&D | Research and Development |
| R&E EXCOM | Research & Engineering Executive Committee |
| SKA | Square Kiometre Array Project |
| SOARD | Southern Office of Aerospace Research & Development |
| STI | Science, Technology, and Innovation |
| SWOT | Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats |
| S&Es | Scientists and Engineers |
| S&T | Science & Technology |
| TRL | Technology Readiness Level |
| TTCP | The Technical Cooperation Program |
| UARC | University-Affiliated Research Center |
| USAID | U.S. Agency for International Development |
| USDA | U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| USMC | U.S. Marine Corps |