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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The Institute of Medicine was chartered in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to enlist distinguished members of the appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. In this, the Institute acts under both the Academy's 1863 congressional charter responsibility to be an adviser to the federal government and its own initiative in identifying issues of medical care, research, and education.
This study was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. DAN-0262-G-SS-7050-00.
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International Standard Book Number 0-309-04092-2
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First Printing, May 1992
Second Printing, March 1993
SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUTRITION AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES CONTROL
CUTBERTO GARZA (Chair),
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
ROBERT E. BLACK,
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
KENNETH H. BROWN,
Program in International Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
RICHARD A. CASH,
Harvard Institute for International Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts
JUDSON M. HARPER,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
GERALD KEUSCH,
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
GRETEL H. PELTO,
Departments of Nutritional Sciences and of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
Staff
ROBERT EARL, Program Officer (from August 1990)
VIRGINIA HIGHT LAUKARAN, Program Officer (until August 1988)
SUSAN BERKOW, Program Officer (August 1988 through December 1989)
JANIE MARSHALL, Senior Secretary
SUBCOMMITTEE ON DIET, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME
MYRON WINICK (Chairman),
University of Health Science, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois
CUTBERTO GARZA,
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
SANDRA L. HUFFMAN,
Center to Prevent Childhood Malnutrition, Bethesda, Maryland
JANET C. KING,
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
MICHAEL S. KRAMER,
Department of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
ISABEL NIEVES,
Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala, C.A.
JULIAN T. PARER,
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
JOHN W. SPARKS,
University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
ZENA A. STEIN,
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
FERNANDO E. VITERI,
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
ROBERT WISWELL,
Palo Alto Veterans Administration Hospital, Palo Alto, California
Staff
ROBERT EARL, Program Officer (from August 1990)
VIRGINIA HIGHT LAUKARAN, Program Officer (until August 1988)
SUSAN BERKOW, Program Officer (August 1988 through December 1989)
JANIE MARSHALL, Senior Secretary
COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL NUTRITION PROGRAMS
MALDEN C. NESHEIM (Chair),
Office of the Provost, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
REYNALDO MARTORELL (Vice Chair),
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
KENNETH H. BROWN,
Program in International Health, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
CUTBERTO GARZA,
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
GAIL G. HARRISON,
College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
ROBERT HORNIK,
Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
GRETEL PELTO,
Departments of Nutritional Sciences and of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
BARRY POPKIN,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
BEATRICE LORGE ROGERS,
School of Nutrition, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
Staff
VIRGINIA HIGHT LAUKARAN, Program Officer (until August 1988)
SUSAN BERKOW, Program Officer (August 1988 through December 1989)
JANIE MARSHALL, Senior Secretary
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD
RICHARD J. HAVEL (Chair),
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
HAMISH N. MUNRO (Vice Chair),
Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
EDWARD J. CALABRESE,
Environmental Health Program, Division of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
DORIS H. CALLOWAY,
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
WILLIAM E. CONNOR,
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
DeWITT GOODMAN (deceased),
Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
M.R.C. GREENWOOD,
Office of Graduate Studies, University of California, Davis, California
JOAN D. GUSSOW,
Department of Nutrition Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
JOHN E. KINSELLA,
College of Agriculture, University of California, Davis, California
LAURENCE N. KOLONEL,
Cancer Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
BERNARD J. LISKA,
Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
REYNALDO MARTORELL,
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
DONALD B. McCORMICK,
Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
WALTER MERTZ,
Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
MALDEN C. NESHEIM,
Office of the Provost, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
J. MICHAEL McGINNIS (Ex Officio),
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C.
ARNO G. MOTULSKY (Er Officio),
Center for Inherited Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Staff
CATHERINE E. WOTEKI, Director (beginning April 1990)
ALVIN LAZEN, Acting Director (August 1989 to April 1990)
SUSHMA PALMER, Director (until August 1989)
FRANCES M. PETER, Deputy Director (until June 1990)
SHIRLEY ASH, Financial Specialist (until August 1991)
UTE S. HAYMAN, Administrative Assistant (until March 1991)
MARCIA S. LEWIS, Administrative Assistant (beginning July 1991)
