U.S.-Japan Strategic Alliances in the Semiconductor Industry: Technology Transfer, Competition, and Public Policy (1992)
Chapter: Front Matter
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievement of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This report was prepared with support of a grant from the United States-Japan Foundation. Available from:
Office of Japan Affairs
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20418
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20418
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 92-64124
International Standard Book Number 0-309-04779-X
S627
First Printing, July 1992
Second Printing, October 1992
Copyright © 1992 by the National Academy of Sciences
Printed in the United States of America
COMMITTEE ON JAPAN
Erich Bloch, Chairman
Council on Competitiveness
C. Fred Bergsten
Institute for International Economics
Lewis M. Branscomb
Harvard University
Harold Brown
Center for Strategic and and International Studies
Lawrence W. Clarkson
The Boeing Co.
I. M. Destler
University of Maryland
Mildred S. Dresselhaus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Daniel J. Fink
D. J. Fink Associates. Inc.
Ellen L. Frost
Institute for International Economics
Lester C. Krogh
3M Co.
E. Floyd Kvamme
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers
Yoshio Nishi
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Daniel I. Okimoto
Stanford University
John D. Rockefeller IV
United States Senate
Richard J. Samuels
MIT Japan Program
Robert A. Scalapino
University of California, Berkeley
Hubert J. P. Schoemaker
Centocor, Inc.
Ora E. Smith
Illinois Superconductor Corp.
Albert D. Wheelon
Hughes Aircraft Co. (retired) Office of International Affairs
Ex Officio Members:
Gerald P. Dinneen, Foreign Secretary,
National Academy of Engineering
James B. Wyngaarden, Foreign Secretary,
National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine
OFFICE OF JAPAN AFFAIRS
Since 1985 the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering have engaged in a series of high-level discussions on advanced technology and the international environment with a counterpart group of Japanese scientists, engineers, and industrialists. One outcome of these discussions was a deepened understanding of the importance of promoting a more balanced two-way flow of people and information between the research and development systems in the two countries. Another result was a broader recognition of the need to address the science and technology policy issues increasingly central to a changing U.S.-Japan relationship. In 1987 the National Research Council, the operating arm of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, authorized first-year funding for a new Office of Japan Affairs (OJA). This newest program element of the Office of International Affairs was formally established in the spring of 1988.
The primary objectives of OJA are to provide a resource to the Academy complex and the broader U.S. science and engineering communities for information on Japanese science and technology, to promote better working relationships between the technical communities in the two countries by developing a process of deepened dialogue on issues of mutual concern, and to address policy issues surrounding a changing U.S.-Japan science and technology relationship.
Staff
Martha Caldwell Harris, Director
Thomas Arrison, Research Associate
Maki Fife, Program Assistant
