Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting (1994)

Chapter: NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY

Previous Chapter: MARINE TRAFFIC REGULATION
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 236
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 237
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 238
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 241
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 242
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 243
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
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Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 245
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 246
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 247
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 248
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 249
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 250
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 251
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 252
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 253
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 254
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 255
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 256
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 257
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 258
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 259
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 260
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 261
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 262
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 263
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 264
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 265
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 266
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 267
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 268
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 269
Suggested Citation: "NAVIGATION AND PILOTING TECHNOLOGY." National Research Council. 1994. Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2055.
Page 270
Next Chapter: A HUMAN SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE ON MARINE NAVIGATION AND PILOTING
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