Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition (2015)
Chapter: Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
E
International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz
At each triennial meeting of the General Assembly, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) carefully reviews the list of astrophysically most important spectral lines that it maintains. The IAU expresses the need to protect these frequency bands from in-band, band-edge, and harmonic emissions, especially from spaceborne transmitters. Spectral lines above 1 THz are listed in Table E.1. The suggested minimum bandwidths are Doppler-shifted frequencies corresponding to radial velocities of ±300 km/s, consistent with line radiation occurring in our Milky Way galaxy. Because of severe atmospheric attenuation (see Figure 2.6), most observations in this spectral region can only be conducted from space. Table E.1 notes those spectral transitions that fall within atmospheric “windows” that could be observed from the ground at a high, dry site. Following World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) 2012, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulation 5.565 states that “all frequencies in the range 1000-3000 GHz may be used by both active and passive services.”
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
TABLE E.1 The Most Important Spectral Lines Above 1 THz
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 003.278 | 1 002.274 – 1 004.281 | 1 002.274 – 1 004.281 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 009.945 | 1 008.935 – 1 010.955 | 1 008.935 – 1 010.955 | G |
| Azanylidenium (NH+) | 1 012.524 | 1 011.511 – 1 013.537 | 1 011.511 – 1 013.537 | G |
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 027.314 | 1 026.287 – 1 028.341 | 1 026.287 – 1 028.341 | G |
| Hydroxylium (OH+) | 1 033.119 | 1 032.085 – 1 034.152 | 1 032.085 – 1 034.152 | G |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 036.912 | 1 035.875 – 1 037.949 | 1 035.875 – 1 037.949 | G |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 062.983 | 1 061.920 – 1 064.046 | 1 061.920 – 1 064.046 | |
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 069.694 | 1 068.624 – 1 070.764 | 1 068.624 – 1 070.764 | |
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 076.078 | 1 075.002 – 1 077.154 | 1 075.002 – 1 077.154 | |
| Sulfhydrylium (SH+) | 1 082.909 | 1 081.826 – 1 083.993 | 1 081.826 – 1 083.993 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 095.627 | 1 094.532 – 1 096.723 | 1 094.532 – 1 098.462 | |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 097.163 | 1 096.066 – 1 098.260 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 097.365 | 1 096.267 – 1 098.462 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 101.350 | 1 100.248 – 1 102.451 | 1 100.248 – 1 102.800 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 101.698 | 1 100.597 – 1 102.800 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 113.343 | 1 112.230 – 1 114.456 | 1 112.230 – 1 116.175 | |
| Water cation (H2O+) | 1 115.059 | 1 113.943 – 1 116.175 | ||
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 124.820 | 1 123.696 – 1 125.945 | 1 123.696 – 1 125.945 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 136.704 | 1 135.567 – 1 137.840 | 1 135.567 – 1 137.840 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 151.452 | 1 150.301 – 1 152.603 | 1 150.301 – 1 154.280 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 151.985 | 1 150.833 – 1 153.137 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 153.127 | 1 151.974 – 1 154.280 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 158.324 | 1 157.165 – 1 159.482 | 1 157.165 – 1 159.886 | |
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 158.727 | 1 157.568 – 1 159.886 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 161.953 | 1 160.791 – 1 163.115 | 1 160.791 – 1 165.935 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 162.912 | 1 161.749 – 1 164.075 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 164.770 | 1 163.605 – 1 165.935 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 168.452 | 1 167.283 – 1 169.620 | 1 167.283 – 1 169.620 | |
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 173.539 | 1 172.366 – 1 174.713 | 1 172.366 – 1 174.713 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 180.324 | 1 179.143 – 1 181.504 | 1 179.143 – 1 182.575 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 181.394 | 1 180.213 – 1 182.575 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 188.863 | 1 187.674 – 1 190.052 | 1 187.674 – 1 190.052 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 199.006 | 1 197.807 – 1 200.205 | 1 197.807 – 1 200.205 | |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 206.725 | 1 205.519 – 1 207.932 | 1 205.519 – 1 208.846 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 207.639 | 1 206.431 – 1 208.846 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 211.330 | 1 210.118 – 1 212.541 | 1 210.118 – 1 212.541 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 214.859 | 1 213.644 – 1 216.073 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 215.245 | 1 214.030 – 1 216.460 | 1 213.644 – 1 218.476 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 216.850 | 1 215.634 – 1 218.067 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 217.258 | 1 216.041 – 1 218.476 | ||
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 222.234 | 1 221.012 – 1 223.456 | 1 221.012 – 1 223.456 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 228.789 | 1 227.560 – 1 230.018 | 1 227.560 – 1 231.633 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 230.403 | 1 229.173 – 1 231.633 | ||
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 239.895 | 1 238.655 – 1 241.134 | 1 238.655 – 1 241.134 | |
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 247.735 | 1 246.487 – 1 248.982 | 1 246.487 – 1 248.982 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 259.072 | 1 257.813 – 1 260.331 | 1 257.813 – 1 262.731 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 261.469 | 1 260.208 – 1 262.731 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 267.014 | 1 265.747 – 1 268.282 | 1 265.747 – 1 268.310 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 267.043 | 1 265.776 – 1 268.310 | ||
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 270.903 | 1 269.632 – 1 272.174 | 1 269.632 – 1 272.174 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 277.676 | 1 276.398 – 1 278.954 | 1 276.398 – 1 278.954 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 291.642 | 1 290.351 – 1 292.934 | 1 290.351 – 1 294.666 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 293.372 | 1 292.079 – 1 294.666 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 297.805 | 1 296.507 – 1 299.103 | 1 296.507 – 1 299.103 | G |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 316.244 | 1 314.928 – 1 317.560 | 1 314.928 – 1 317.560 | G |
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 319.545 | 1 318.226 – 1 320.865 | 1 318.226 – 1 323.387 | |
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 321.266 | 1 319.944 – 1 322.587 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 322.065 | 1 320.743 – 1 323.387 | ||
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 328.308 | 1 326.980 – 1 329.637 | 1 326.980 – 1 329.637 | G |
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 336.714 | 1 335.378 – 1 338.051 | 1 335.378 – 1 338.051 | G |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 340.739 | 1 339.398 – 1 342.080 | 1 339.398 – 1 342.080 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 353.777 | 1 352.423 – 1 355.130 | 1 352.423 – 1 355.130 | G |
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 368.160 | 1 366.792 – 1 369.528 | 1 366.792 – 1 371.455 | G |
| Trihydrogen (H2D+) | 1 370.085 | 1 368.715 – 1 371.455 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 381.995 | 1 380.613 – 1 383.377 | 1 380.613 – 1 383.377 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 385.216 | 1 383.831 – 1 386.601 | 1 383.831 – 1 386.601 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 392.919 | 1 391.526 – 1 394.312 | 1 391.526 – 1 394.312 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 402.966 | 1 401.563 – 1 404.369 | 1 401.563 – 1 404.369 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 410.618 | 1 409.207 – 1 412.029 | 1 409.207 – 1 412.029 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 416.691 | 1 415.275 – 1 418.108 | 1 415.275 – 1 418.162 | |
| Carbon monosulphide (CS) | 1 416.745 | 1 415.329 – 1 418.162 | ||
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 425.664 | 1 424.238 – 1 427.090 | 1 424.238 – 1 427.141 | |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 425.715 | 1 424.289 – 1 427.141 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 431.153 | 1 429.722 – 1 432.584 | 1 429.722 – 1 434.310 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 432.877 | 1 431.444 – 1 434.310 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 438.649 | 1 437.210 – 1 440.087 | 1 437.210 – 1 442.222 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 440.782 | 1 439.341 – 1 442.222 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 444.829 | 1 443.384 – 1 446.274 | 1 443.384 – 1 448.460 | G |
| Sulfhydryl (SH) | 1 447.012 | 1 445.564 – 1 448.460 | ||
| Nitrogen ion (N II) | 1 461.130 | 1 459.669 – 1 462.591 | 1 459.669 – 1 462.591 | G |
| Trihydrogen (D2H+) | 1 476.606 | 1 475.128 – 1 478.083 | 1 475.128 – 1 478.083 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 491.927 | 1 490.435 – 1 493.419 | 1 490.435 – 1 493.419 | G |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 496.923 | 1 495.426 – 1 498.420 | 1 495.426 – 1 498.420 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 500.990 | 1 499.489 – 1 502.491 | 1 499.489 – 1 502.491 | G |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 505.042 | 1 503.537 – 1 506.547 | 1 503.537 – 1 508.768 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 507.261 | 1 505.754 – 1 508.768 | ||
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 514.582 | 1 513.067 – 1 516.096 | 1 513.067 – 1 516.096 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 522.926 | 1 521.403 – 1 524.449 | 1 521.403 – 1 524.449 | G |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 535.134 | 1 533.599 – 1 536.669 | 1 533.599 – 1 536.669 | G |
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 540.989 | 1 539.448 – 1 542.530 | 1 539.448 – 1 543.509 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 541.967 | 1 540.425 – 1 543.509 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 577.178 | 1 575.600 – 1 578.755 | 1 575.600 – 1 578.755 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 593.357 | 1 591.764 – 1 594.951 | 1 591.764 – 1 594.951 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 602.219 | 1 600.617 – 1 603.821 | 1 600.617 – 1 607.568 | |
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 603.466 | 1 601.862 – 1 605.069 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 605.962 | 1 604.356 – 1 607.568 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 611.794 | 1 610.182 – 1 613.405 | 1 610.182 – 1 617.242 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 614.294 | 1 612.679 – 1 615.908 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 615.626 | 1 614.010 – 1 617.242 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 620.852 | 1 619.231 – 1 622.472 | 1 619.231 – 1 622.472 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 625.408 | 1 623.783 – 1 627.033 | 1 623.783 – 1 627.033 | |
| Sulfhydrylium (SH+) | 1 632.518 | 1 630.884 – 1 634.151 | 1 630.884 – 1 636.274 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 633.484 | 1 631.850 – 1 635.117 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 634.639 | 1 633.005 – 1 636.274 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 644.497 | 1 642.852 – 1 646.141 | 1 642.852 – 1 646.141 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 648.801 | 1 647.153 – 1 650.450 | 1 647.153 – 1 652.418 | |
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 650.768 | 1 649.117 – 1 652.418 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Oxonium (H3O+) | 1 655.813 | 1 654.158 – 1 657.469 | 1 654.158 – 1 657.858 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 655.868 | 1 654.212 – 1 657.523 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 656.202 | 1 654.546 – 1 657.858 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 661.008 | 1 659.347 – 1 662.669 | 1 659.347 – 1 665.247 | |
| Oxonium (H3O+) | 1 663.584 | 1 661.920 – 1 665.247 | ||
| Methylidynium (CH+) | 1 669.170 | 1 667.499 – 1 670.840 | 1 667.499 – 1 673.021 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 669.905 | 1 668.235 – 1 671.575 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 671.350 | 1 669.679 – 1 673.021 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 678.578 | 1 676.899 – 1 680.256 | 1 676.899 – 1 686.290 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 681.636 | 1 679.955 – 1 683.318 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 684.606 | 1 682.921 – 1 686.290 | ||
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 692.313 | 1 690.621 – 1 694.006 | 1 690.621 – 1 694.006 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 713.883 | 1 712.169 – 1 715.597 | 1 712.169 – 1 721.701 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 716.770 | 1 715.053 – 1 718.486 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 716.957 | 1 715.240 – 1 718.674 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 719.250 | 1 717.531 – 1 720.969 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 719.981 | 1 718.261 – 1 721.701 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 726.603 | 1 724.876 – 1 728.329 | 1 724.876 – 1 728.329 | |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 753.800 | 1 752.046 – 1 755.554 | 1 752.046 – 1 755.554 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 759.978 | 1 758.218 – 1 761.738 | 1 758.218 – 1 765.585 | |
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 760.486 | 1 758.726 – 1 762.247 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 762.043 | 1 760.281 – 1 763.805 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 763.525 | 1 761.762 – 1 765.289 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 763.558 | 1 761.795 – 1 765.322 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 763.602 | 1 761.838 – 1 765.365 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 763.821 | 1 762.058 – 1 765.585 | ||
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 769.877 | 1 768.107 – 1 771.647 | 1 768.107 – 1 771.647 | |
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 781.123 | 1 779.342 – 1 782.904 | 1 779.342 – 1 782.904 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 794.789 | 1 792.994 – 1 796.584 | 1 792.994 – 1 796.584 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 800.475 | 1 798.674 – 1 802.275 | 1 798.674 – 1 802.275 | |
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 808.936 | 1 807.127 – 1 810.744 | 1 807.127 – 1 812.188 | |
| Ammonia (NH3) | 1 810.378 | 1 808.567 – 1 812.188 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 815.853 | 1 814.038 – 1 817.669 | 1 814.038 – 1 820.348 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 818.530 | 1 816.711 – 1 820.348 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 824.554 | 1 822.729 – 1 826.378 | 1 822.729 – 1 826.378 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Hydroxyl (OH) | 1 834.745 | 1 832.911 – 1 836.580 | 1 832.911 – 1 843.187 | |
| Hydroxyl (OH) | 1 837.741 | 1 835.903 – 1 839.578 | ||
| Hydroxyl (OH) | 1 837.812 | 1 835.974 – 1 839.649 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 841.346 | 1 839.504 – 1 843.187 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 846.872 | 1 845.025 – 1 848.719 | 1 845.025 – 1 850.154 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 848.306 | 1 846.458 – 1 850.154 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 853.873 | 1 852.019 – 1 855.727 | 1 852.019 – 1 855.727 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 858.077 | 1 856.219 – 1 859.935 | 1 856.219 – 1 859.935 | |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 863.039 | 1 861.176 – 1 864.902 | 1 861.176 – 1 864.902 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 867.749 | 1 865.881 – 1 869.616 | 1 865.881 – 1 874.481 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 867.819 | 1 865.951 – 1 869.687 | ||
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 869.893 | 1 868.023 – 1 871.763 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 870.141 | 1 868.271 – 1 872.011 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 872.609 | 1 870.736 – 1 874.481 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 877.487 | 1 875.609 – 1 879.364 | 1 875.609 – 1 883.172 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 880.753 | 1 878.872 – 1 882.634 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 881.291 | 1 879.410 – 1 883.172 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 890.757 | 1 888.866 – 1 892.647 | 1 888.866 – 1 896.218 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 893.687 | 1 891.793 – 1 895.580 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 894.324 | 1 892.429 – 1 896.218 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 899.604 | 1 897.705 – 1 901.504 | 1 897.705 – 1 902.438 | |
| Carbon ion (C II) | 1 900.537 | 1 898.637 – 1 902.438 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 909.602 | 1 907.693 – 1 911.512 | 1 907.693 – 1 911.512 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 918.475 | 1 916.557 – 1 920.394 | 1 916.557 – 1 922.353 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 918.485 | 1 916.567 – 1 920.404 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 919.360 | 1 917.440 – 1 921.279 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 1 919.360 | 1 917.440 – 1 921.279 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 920.433 | 1 918.513 – 1 922.353 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 929.255 | 1 927.326 – 1 931.184 | 1 927.326 – 1 932.259 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 930.329 | 1 928.398 – 1 932.259 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 941.797 | 1 939.855 – 1 943.739 | 1 939.855 – 1 943.739 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 946.235 | 1 944.288 – 1 948.181 | 1 944.288 – 1 948.181 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 950.155 | 1 948.204 – 1 952.105 | 1 948.204 – 1 952.159 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 950.209 | 1 948.259 – 1 952.159 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 955.027 | 1 953.072 – 1 956.982 | 1 953.072 – 1 960.579 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 956.018 | 1 954.062 – 1 957.974 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 958.198 | 1 956.240 – 1 960.156 | ||
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 958.621 | 1 956.662 – 1 960.579 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 965.554 | 1 963.588 – 1 967.519 | 1 963.588 – 1 967.519 | |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 972.211 | 1 970.239 – 1 974.183 | 1 970.239 – 1 987.905 | G |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 974.636 | 1 972.661 – 1 976.611 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 978.464 | 1 976.485 – 1 980.442 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 979.727 | 1 977.747 – 1 981.707 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 982.064 | 1 980.082 – 1 984.046 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 985.919 | 1 983.933 – 1 987.905 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 994.285 | 1 992.291 – 1 996.280 | 1 992.291 – 1 996.280 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 003.495 | 2 001.491 – 2 005.498 | 2 001.491 – 2 008.785 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 005.180 | 2 003.175 – 2 007.186 | ||
| Methylidyne (CH) | 2 006.779 | 2 004.772 – 2 008.785 | ||
| Methylidyne (CH) | 2 010.799 | 2 008.788 – 2 012.810 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 014.370 | 2 012.355 – 2 016.384 | 2 008.788 – 2 016.880 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 014.865 | 2 012.850 – 2 016.880 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 019.134 | 2 017.115 – 2 021.154 | 2 017.115 – 2 021.154 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 031.743 | 2 029.711 – 2 033.774 | 2 029.711 – 2 033.774 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 040.477 | 2 038.436 – 2 042.517 | 2 038.436 – 2 042.517 | |
| Oxygen (O I) | 2 060.070 | 2 058.010 – 2 062.130 | 2 058.010 – 2 062.130 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 064.690 | 2 062.625 – 2 066.755 | 2 062.625 – 2 066.755 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 929.255 | 1 927.326 – 1 931.184 | 1 927.326 – 1 932.259 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 930.329 | 1 928.398 – 1 932.259 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 941.797 | 1 939.855 – 1 943.739 | 1 939.855 – 1 943.739 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 946.235 | 1 944.288 – 1 948.181 | 1 944.288 – 1 948.181 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 950.155 | 1 948.204 – 1 952.105 | 1 948.204 – 1 952.159 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 950.209 | 1 948.259 – 1 952.159 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 955.027 | 1 953.072 – 1 956.982 | 1 953.072 – 1 960.579 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 956.018 | 1 954.062 – 1 957.974 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 958.198 | 1 956.240 – 1 960.156 | ||
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 958.621 | 1 956.662 – 1 960.579 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 965.554 | 1 963.588 – 1 967.519 | 1 963.588 – 1 967.519 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 972.211 | 1 970.239 – 1 974.183 | 1 970.239 – 1 987.905 | G |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 974.636 | 1 972.661 – 1 976.611 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 978.464 | 1 976.485 – 1 980.442 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 979.727 | 1 977.747 – 1 981.707 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 982.064 | 1 980.082 – 1 984.046 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 985.919 | 1 983.933 – 1 987.905 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 994.285 | 1 992.291 – 1 996.280 | 1 992.291 – 1 996.280 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 003.495 | 2 001.491 – 2 005.498 | 2 001.491 – 2 008.785 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 005.180 | 2 003.175 – 2 007.186 | ||
| Methylidyne (CH) | 2 006.779 | 2 004.772 – 2 008.785 | ||
| Methylidyne (CH) | 2 010.799 | 2 008.788 – 2 012.810 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 014.370 | 2 012.355 – 2 016.384 | 2 008.788 – 2 016.880 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 014.865 | 2 012.850 – 2 016.880 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 019.134 | 2 017.115 – 2 021.154 | 2 017.115 – 2 021.154 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 031.743 | 2 029.711 – 2 033.774 | 2 029.711 – 2 033.774 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 040.477 | 2 038.436 – 2 042.517 | 2 038.436 – 2 042.517 | |
| Oxygen (O I) | 2 060.070 | 2 058.010 – 2 062.130 | 2 058.010 – 2 062.130 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 064.690 | 2 062.625 – 2 066.755 | 2 062.625 – 2 066.755 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 929.255 | 1 927.326 – 1 931.184 | 1 927.326 – 1 932.259 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 930.329 | 1 928.398 – 1 932.259 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 941.797 | 1 939.855 – 1 943.739 | 1 939.855 – 1 943.739 | |
| Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | 1 946.235 | 1 944.288 – 1 948.181 | 1 944.288 – 1 948.181 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 950.155 | 1 948.204 – 1 952.105 | 1 948.204 – 1 952.159 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 950.209 | 1 948.259 – 1 952.159 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 955.027 | 1 953.072 – 1 956.982 | 1 953.072 – 1 960.579 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 1 956.018 | 1 954.062 – 1 957.974 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 958.198 | 1 956.240 – 1 960.156 | ||
| Formylium (HCO+) | 1 958.621 | 1 956.662 – 1 960.579 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 965.554 | 1 963.588 – 1 967.519 | 1 963.588 – 1 967.519 | |
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 1 972.211 | 1 970.239 – 1 974.183 | 1 970.239 – 1 987.905 | G |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 974.636 | 1 972.661 – 1 976.611 | ||
| Azanylidene (NH) | 1 978.464 | 1 976.485 – 1 980.442 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 1 979.727 | 1 977.747 – 1 981.707 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 982.064 | 1 980.082 – 1 984.046 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 1 985.919 | 1 983.933 – 1 987.905 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 1 994.285 | 1 992.291 – 1 996.280 | 1 992.291 – 1 996.280 | G |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 003.495 | 2 001.491 – 2 005.498 | 2 001.491 – 2 008.785 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 005.180 | 2 003.175 – 2 007.186 | ||
| Methylidyne (CH) | 2 006.779 | 2 004.772 – 2 008.785 | ||
| Methylidyne (CH) | 2 010.799 | 2 008.788 – 2 012.810 | 2 008.788 – 2 016.880 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 014.370 | 2 012.355 – 2 016.384 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 014.865 | 2 012.850 – 2 016.880 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 019.134 | 2 017.115 – 2 021.154 | 2 017.115 – 2 021.154 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 031.743 | 2 029.711 – 2 033.774 | 2 029.711 – 2 033.774 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 040.477 | 2 038.436 – 2 042.517 | 2 038.436 – 2 042.517 | |
| Oxygen (O I) | 2 060.070 | 2 058.010 – 2 062.130 | 2 058.010 – 2 062.130 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 064.690 | 2 062.625 – 2 066.755 | 2 062.625 – 2 066.755 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 070.616 | 2 068.545 – 2 072.687 | 2 068.545 – 2 076.519 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 074.432 | 2 072.358 – 2 076.507 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 074.444 | 2 072.370 – 2 076.519 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (C18O) | 2 081.311 | 2 079.229 – 2 083.392 | 2 079.229 – 2 085.118 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 082.718 | 2 080.635 – 2 084.801 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 083.035 | 2 080.952 – 2 085.118 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 087.226 | 2 085.139 – 2 089.313 | 2 085.139 – 2 091.330 | |
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 2 089.241 | 2 087.151 – 2 091.330 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 099.963 | 2 097.863 – 2 102.063 | 2 097.863 – 2 102.063 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 110.993 | 2 108.882 – 2 113.104 | 2 108.882 – 2 113.104 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 121.216 | 2 119.095 – 2 123.338 | 2 119.095 – 2 123.338 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 143.752 | 2 141.608 – 2 145.895 | 2 141.608 – 2 154.357 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 147.733 | 2 145.585 – 2 149.880 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 149.224 | 2 147.075 – 2 151.373 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 152.205 | 2 150.052 – 2 154.357 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 164.132 | 2 161.968 – 2 166.296 | 2 161.968 – 2 166.296 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 185.135 | 2 182.950 – 2 187.320 | 2 182.950 – 2 187.320 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 196.346 | 2 194.149 – 2 198.542 | 2 194.149 – 2 201.998 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 199.798 | 2 197.599 – 2 201.998 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 204.707 | 2 202.503 – 2 206.912 | 2 202.503 – 2 206.912 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 213.707 | 2 211.493 – 2 215.921 | 2 211.493 – 2 215.921 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 221.751 | 2 219.529 – 2 223.972 | 2 219.529 – 2 223.972 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 227.872 | 2 225.644 – 2 230.100 | 2 225.644 – 2 230.100 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 242.198 | 2 239.956 – 2 244.440 | 2 239.956 – 2 244.440 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 264.150 | 2 261.886 – 2 266.414 | 2 261.886 – 2 266.414 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 269.686 | 2 267.416 – 2 271.956 | 2 267.416 – 2 271.956 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 278.017 | 2 275.739 – 2 280.295 | 2 275.739 – 2 280.295 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 283.942 | 2 281.658 – 2 286.226 | 2 281.658 – 2 288.499 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 286.213 | 2 283.926 – 2 288.499 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 291.309 | 2 289.018 – 2 293.601 | 2 289.018 – 2 293.601 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 296.248 | 2 293.952 – 2 298.544 | 2 293.952 – 2 302.002 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 297.652 | 2 295.355 – 2 299.950 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 299.569 | 2 297.269 – 2 301.868 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 299.702 | 2 297.402 – 2 302.002 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (13CO) | 2 308.031 | 2 305.723 – 2 310.339 | 2 305.723 – 2 310.339 | |
| Water vapour (H218O) | 2 318.554 | 2 316.236 – 2 320.873 | 2 316.236 – 2 320.873 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 327.429 | 2 325.101 – 2 329.756 | 2 325.101 – 2 329.756 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 335.788 | 2 333.452 – 2 338.123 | 2 333.452 – 2 338.556 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 336.220 | 2 333.883 – 2 338.556 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 343.735 | 2 341.392 – 2 346.079 | 2 341.392 – 2 368.266 | |
| Water vapour (H2O) | 2 344.290 | 2 341.945 – 2 346.634 | ||
| Methylene (CH2) | 2 344.726 | 2 342.381 – 2 347.071 | ||
| Methylene (CH2) | 2 348.622 | 2 346.274 – 2 350.971 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 351.731 | 2 349.380 – 2 354.083 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 355.192 | 2 352.837 – 2 357.548 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 357.210 | 2 354.853 – 2 359.568 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 357.727 | 2 355.369 – 2 360.084 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 358.563 | 2 356.205 – 2 360.922 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 360.340 | 2 357.980 – 2 362.700 | ||
| Trihydrogen (H2D+) | 2 363.306 | 2 360.943 – 2 365.669 | ||
| Amino (NH2) | 2 364.268 | 2 361.903 – 2 366.632 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 365.900 | 2 363.534 – 2 368.266 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 382.166 | 2 379.784 – 2 384.548 | 2 379.784 – 2 384.548 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 388.325 | 2 385.936 – 2 390.713 | 2 385.936 – 2 393.964 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 391.573 | 2 389.181 – 2 393.964 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 399.218 | 2 396.819 – 2 401.618 | 2 396.819 – 2 407.526 | |
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 400.018 | 2 397.618 – 2 402.418 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 400.578 | 2 398.178 – 2 402.979 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 402.265 | 2 399.863 – 2 404.667 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 405.121 | 2 402.716 – 2 407.526 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 411.827 | 2 409.415 – 2 414.239 | 2 409.415 – 2 420.888 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 413.924 | 2 411.510 – 2 416.338 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 418.469 | 2 416.051 – 2 420.888 | ||
| Nitrogen ion (N II) | 2 459.379 | 2 456.920 – 2 461.839 | 2 456.920 – 2 468.338 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 462.933 | 2 460.470 – 2 465.396 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 463.054 | 2 460.591 – 2 465.517 | ||
| Hydrogen fluoride (HF) | 2463.427 | 2 460.964 – 2 465.891 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 465.872 | 2 463.406 – 2 468.338 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 477.453 | 2 474.976 – 2 479.931 | 2 474.976 – 2 486.788 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 480.807 | 2 478.326 – 2 483.287 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 484.303 | 2 481.819 – 2 486.788 | ||
| Hydroxyl (18OH) | 2 494.674 | 2 492.179 – 2 497.169 | 2 492.179 – 2 516.847 | |
| Hydroxyl (18OH) | 2 498.970 | 2 496.471 – 2 501.469 | ||
| Hydroxyl (17OH) | 2 501.856 | 2 499.355 – 2 504.358 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 502.167 | 2 499.665 – 2 504.669 | ||
| Hydroxyl (17OH) | 2 506.186 | 2 503.680 – 2 508.692 | ||
| Hydroxyl (OH) | 2 509.965 | 2 507.455 – 2 512.475 | ||
| Hydroxyl (OH) | 2 514.333 | 2 511.819 – 2 516.847 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 526.741 | 2 524.214 – 2 529.268 | 2 524.214 – 2 531.838 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 528.166 | 2 525.638 – 2 530.694 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 529.308 | 2 526.779 – 2 531.838 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 541.065 | 2 538.524 – 2 543.606 | 2 538.524 – 2 547.650 | |
| Amino (NH2) | 2 545.105 | 2 542.560 – 2 547.650 | ||
| Amino (NH2) | 2 553.966 | 2 551.412 – 2 556.520 | 2 551.412 – 2 563.471 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 558.905 | 2 556.346 – 2 561.464 | ||
| Amino (NH2) | 2 560.910 | 2 558.349 – 2 563.471 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 577.667 | 2 575.089 – 2 580.244 | 2 575.089 – 2 582.211 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 579.631 | 2 577.052 – 2 582.211 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 591.047 | 2 588.456 – 2 593.638 | 2 588.456 – 2 595.117 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 592.524 | 2 589.932 – 2 595.117 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 598.288 | 2 595.690 – 2 600.886 | 2 595.690 – 2 606.031 | |
| Hydroxyl (OH) | 2 603.427 | 2 600.824 – 2 606.031 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 616.165 | 2 613.549 – 2 618.781 | 2 613.549 – 2 618.781 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 622.939 | 2 620.316 – 2 625.562 | 2 620.316 – 2 625.562 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 630.960 | 2 628.329 – 2 633.590 | 2 628.329 – 2 633.682 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 631.051 | 2 628.420 – 2 633.682 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 640.474 | 2 637.833 – 2 643.114 | 2 637.833 – 2 644.963 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 642.321 | 2 639.679 – 2 644.963 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 657.666 | 2 655.008 – 2 660.323 | 2 655.008 – 2 660.323 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 664.561 | 2 661.897 – 2 667.226 | 2 661.897 – 2 677.662 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 666.732 | 2 664.065 – 2 669.398 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 669.415 | 2 666.745 – 2 672.084 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 674.283 | 2 671.609 – 2 676.957 | ||
| Deuterated hydrogen (HD) | 2 674.987 | 2 672.312 – 2 677.662 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 685.639 | 2 682.953 – 2 688.325 | 2 682.953 – 2 688.325 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 735.277 | 2 732.541 – 2 738.012 | 2 732.541 – 2 738.012 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 741.675 | 2 738.933 – 2 744.416 | 2 738.933 – 2 744.416 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 748.312 | 2 745.564 – 2 751.060 | 2 745.564 – 2 751.060 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 756.383 | 2 753.626 – 2 759.139 | 2 753.626 – 2 759.139 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 773.977 | 2 771.203 – 2 776.751 | 2 771.203 – 2 776.751 | |
| Methylene (CH2) | 2 783.064 | 2 780.281 – 2 785.847 | 2 780.281 – 2 785.847 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 794.002 | 2 791.208 – 2 796.796 | 2 791.208 – 2 796.829 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 794.035 | 2 791.241 – 2 796.829 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 805.384 | 2 802.579 – 2 808.190 | 2 802.579 – 2 816.325 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 807.498 | 2 804.691 – 2 810.306 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 809.406 | 2 806.597 – 2 812.216 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 810.880 | 2 808.069 – 2 813.691 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 813.511 | 2 810.698 – 2 816.325 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 834.411 | 2 831.577 – 2 837.245 | 2 831.577 – 2 837.245 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 845.980 | 2 843.134 – 2 848.826 | 2 843.134 – 2 848.826 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 855.631 | 2 852.776 – 2 858.487 | 2 852.776 – 2 861.891 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 859.032 | 2 856.173 – 2 861.891 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 870.338 | 2 867.468 – 2 873.208 | 2 867.468 – 2 875.782 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 872.909 | 2 870.036 – 2 875.782 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 880.025 | 2 877.145 – 2 882.905 | 2 877.145 – 2 890.914 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.279 | 2 881.395 – 2 887.163 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.312 | 2 881.427 – 2 887.196 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.941 | 2 882.056 – 2 887.826 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.950 | 2 882.065 – 2 887.835 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 888.026 | 2 885.138 – 2 890.914 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 900.172 | 2 897.272 – 2 903.072 | 2 897.272 – 2 906.294 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 903.391 | 2 900.487 – 2 906.294 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 916.109 | 2 913.193 – 2 919.025 | 2 913.193 – 2 923.819 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 920.898 | 2 917.977 – 2 923.819 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 938.998 | 2 936.059 – 2 941.937 | 2 936.059 – 2 944.831 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 939.000 | 2 936.061 – 2 941.939 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 941.889 | 2 938.947 – 2 944.831 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 773.977 | 2 771.203 – 2 776.751 | 2 771.203 – 2 776.751 | |
| Methylene (CH2) | 2 783.064 | 2 780.281 – 2 785.847 | 2 780.281 – 2 785.847 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 794.002 | 2 791.208 – 2 796.796 | 2 791.208 – 2 796.829 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 794.035 | 2 791.241 – 2 796.829 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 805.384 | 2 802.579 – 2 808.190 | 2 802.579 – 2 816.325 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 807.498 | 2 804.691 – 2 810.306 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 809.406 | 2 806.597 – 2 812.216 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 810.880 | 2 808.069 – 2 813.691 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 813.511 | 2 810.698 – 2 816.325 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 834.411 | 2 831.577 – 2 837.245 | 2 831.577 – 2 837.245 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 845.980 | 2 843.134 – 2 848.826 | 2 843.134 – 2 848.826 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 855.631 | 2 852.776 – 2 858.487 | 2 852.776 – 2 861.891 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 859.032 | 2 856.173 – 2 861.891 | ||
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 870.338 | 2 867.468 – 2 873.208 | 2 867.468 – 2 875.782 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 872.909 | 2 870.036 – 2 875.782 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 880.025 | 2 877.145 – 2 882.905 | 2 877.145 – 2 890.914 | |
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.279 | 2 881.395 – 2 887.163 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.312 | 2 881.427 – 2 887.196 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.941 | 2 882.056 – 2 887.826 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 884.950 | 2 882.065 – 2 887.835 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 888.026 | 2 885.138 – 2 890.914 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 900.172 | 2 897.272 – 2 903.072 | 2 897.272 – 2 906.294 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 903.391 | 2 900.487 – 2 906.294 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
| Species | Rest Frequency (GHz) | Suggested Minimum Band (GHz) | Consolidated Minimum Band (GHz) | Notes |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 916.109 | 2 913.193 – 2 919.025 | 2 913.193 – 2 923.819 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 920.898 | 2 917.977 – 2 923.819 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 938.998 | 2 936.059 – 2 941.937 | 2 936.059 – 2 944.831 | |
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 939.000 | 2 936.061 – 2 941.939 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 941.889 | 2 938.947 – 2 944.831 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 948.042 | 2 945.094 – 2 950.990 | 2 945.094 – 2 955.592 | |
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 948.411 | 2 945.462 – 2 951.359 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 948.669 | 2 945.721 – 2 951.618 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 949.480 | 2 946.531 – 2 952.430 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 950.815 | 2 947.864 – 2 953.765 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 952.640 | 2 949.687 – 2 955.592 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 962.111 | 2 959.149 – 2 965.073 | 2 959.149 – 2 975.081 | |
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 966.081 | 2 963.115 – 2 969.047 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 968.749 | 2 965.780 – 2 971.717 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 969.868 | 2 966.899 – 2 972.838 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 970.800 | 2 967.829 – 2 973.771 | ||
| Water vapor (H2O) | 2 970.801 | 2 967.830 – 2 973.772 | ||
| Oxonium (H3O+) | 2 972.109 | 2 969.137 – 2 975.081 | ||
| Oxonium (H3O+) | 2 980.735 | 2 977.754 – 2 983.715 | 2 977.754 – 3 002.430 | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 2 984.168 | 2 981.183 – 2 987.152 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 984.559 | 2 981.575 – 2 987.544 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 989.643 | 2 986.653 – 2 992.632 | ||
| Water vapor (H218O) | 2 990.139 | 2 987.149 – 2 993.129 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 991.555 | 2 988.564 – 2 994.547 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 994.786 | 2 991.792 – 2 997.781 | ||
| Heavy water (HDO) | 2 997.115 | 2 994.118 – 3 000.112 | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | 2 999.430 | 2 996.431 – 3 002.430 | 2 977.754 – 3 002.430 |
NOTE: Suggested minimum bands correspond to Doppler-shifted frequencies for ± 300 km/s (consistent with line radiation occurring in our Milky Way galaxy). Consolidated minimum bands reflect spectral regions where multiple molecular transitions result in overlapping recommend bandwidths; the minimum and maximum ranges reflect those of the lowest and highest frequencies for these spectral lines, respectively. G in the “Notes” column indicates that the line is observable from the ground under very good atmospheric condition.
SOURCE: Available at http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/ra/R-REC-RA.1860-0-201001-I!!PDF-E.pdf; IAU Resolution A.2 (1991, Buenos Aires; revised 2009, Rio de Janeiro); JPL Molecular Spectroscopy Database (http://spec.jpl.nasa.gov/); The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy (http://www.astro.uni-koeln.de/cdms/).
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix E: International Astronomical Union Spectral Lines of Most Importance Above 1 THz." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/21774.
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