How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures
2018

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There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy.

In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom.

Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments.

How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults.

Publication information

346 pages · 7 x 10 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-45964-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-45965-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24783

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Front Matter i-xviii
Summary 1-10
1 Introduction 11-20
2 Context and Culture 21-34
3 Types of Learning and the Developing Brain 35-68
4 Processes That Support Learning 69-84
5 Knowledge and Reasoning 85-108
6 Motivation to Learn 109-134
7 Implications for Learning in School 135-162
8 Digital Technology 163-196
9 Learning Across the Life Span 197-224
10 Research Agenda 225-232
References 233-294
Appendix A: History of the How People Learn Studies and Their Use 295-298
Appendix B: List of Relevant Reports Published by the National Academies Press 299-314
Appendix C: Study Populations in Research on Learning 315-318
Appendix D: Committee and Staff Biographies 319-328

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How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures (2018)

Chapter: 4 Processes That Support Learning

Publication information

Suggested citation

My Academies

How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures (2018)

Chapter: 4 Processes That Support Learning