| AAS | American Astronomical Society |
| ACCESS | Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science |
| ACM | Association for Computing Machinery |
| AGU | American Geophysical Union |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| AIP | American Institute of Physics |
| AJPS | American Journal of Political Science |
| AMS | American Meteorological Society |
| AO | Announcement of Opportunity |
| AON | Arctic Observing Network |
| API | application programming interface |
| APL | Applied Physics Laboratory |
| ARCSS | Arctic System Sciences |
| ARL | Army Research Laboratory |
| ASEB | Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board |
| BIO | Directorate for Biological Sciences |
| BSD | Berkeley Software Distribution |
| CAM | Community Atmosphere Model |
| CC | Creative Commons |
| CC0 | Creative Commons license |
| CCM | Chemistry Climate Model |
| CCMC | Community Coordinated Modeling Center |
| CERN | European Organization for Nuclear Research |
| CESM | Community Earth System Model |
| CICE | Community Ice Code |
| CIO | chief information officer |
| CISE | Computer and Information Science and Engineering |
| CLM | Community Land Model |
| CNI | Coalition for Networked Information |
| COTS | commercial off-the-shelf |
| CPU | computer processing unit |
| DARPA | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| DF/BBF | dipolarization fronts and bursty bulk flows |
| DMP | data management plan |
| DOD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DOI | digital object identifier |
| EAR | Export Administration Regulations |
| EOSDIS | Earth Observing System Data and Information System |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| ESD | Earth Science Division |
| ESDS | Earth Science Data Systems |
| FAQ | Frequently Asked Questions |
| FAR | Federal Acquisition Regulations |
| FFT | a C subroutine library for Fourier transforms |
| FIA-NP | Future Internet Architecture-Next Phase |
| FTE | flux-transfer events |
| GDP | gross domestic product |
| GI | guest investigator |
| GPL | GNU General Public License |
| GSFC | Goddard Space Flight Center |
| HAO | High Altitude Observatory |
| HEASARC | High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center |
| ICML | International Conference on Machine Learning |
| IM | Instructional Memorandum |
| IP | intellectual property |
| IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| ITAR | International Traffic in Arms Regulations |
| KHI | Kelvin-Helmholtz instability |
| LAPACK | a linear algebra software library |
| LGPL | GNU Lesser General Public License |
| LWS | Living with a Star |
| MIT | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| ML | machine learning |
| MPL | Mozilla Public License |
| NARA | National Archives and Records Administration |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NCAR | National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| NExScI | NASA Exoplanet Science Institute |
| NFS | NASA FAR Supplement |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| NOSA | NASA Open Source Agreement |
| NPD | NASA Policy Directive |
| NPG | NASA Procedures and Guidelines |
| NPR | NASA Procedural Requirements |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| NumPy | a Python Programming Language Library |
| OCIO | Office of the Chief Information Officer |
| OCS | Office of the Chief Scientist |
| OFAC | Office of Foreign Asset Control |
| OGC | Office of the General Counsel |
| OMB | Office of Management and Budget |
| OS | operating system |
| OSI | Open Source Initiative |
| OSS | open source software |
| OSTP | Office of Science and Technology Policy |
| PDART | Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration, and Tools |
| PI | principal investigator |
| PSD | Planetary Science Division |
| RoR | runs-on-request |
| ROSES | Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences |
| SaaS | software as a service |
| SaTC | Secure and Trustworthy Cyberspace |
| scikit-learn | a free python machine learning library |
| SEADAS | Software design for processing Satellite Data |
| SMD | Science Mission Directorate |
| SMEX | Small Explorer |
| SMP | software management plan |
| SRA | Software Release Authority |
| SSB | Space Studies Board |
| SSC | Scientific Steering Committee |
| SSE | Software for Science and Engineering |
| STEM | science, technology, engineering, and mathematics |
| STMD | Space Technology Mission Directorate |
| SUA | software user agreement |
| TESS | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite |
| THMPROC | THEMIS data processing |
| TTO | Technology Transfer Office |
| UCAR | University Corporation for Atmospheric Research |
| UCLA | University of California, Los Angeles |
| USGS | U.S. Geological Survey |
| WACCM | Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model |
| WP | white paper |