Reproducibility and Replicability in Science (2019)

Chapter: 3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability

Previous Chapter: 2 Scientific Methods and Knowledge
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 45.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 46.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 47.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 48.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 49.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 50.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 51.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 52.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 53.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.

There was a problem loading page 54.

Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
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Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 41
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 42
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 43
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 44
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 45
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 46
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 47
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 48
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 49
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 50
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 51
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 52
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
Page 53
Suggested Citation: "3 Understanding Reproducibility and Replicability." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25303.
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Next Chapter: 4 Reproducibility
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