Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions (2024)
Chapter: Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities
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APPENDIX J
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
APPENDIX J
Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities
Table J-1 displays the wide array of provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) directing funds, opportunities, and requirements toward subnational entities, and capacity and resource dimensions that funding agencies, applicants, and recipients will need to consider.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
TABLE J-1 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) Provisions, Amount of Funding Available, Federal Agency Responsible for Implementation, Opportunities or Requirements for Subnational Entities, and Capacity and Resource Considerations
| Section(s) | Name | Amount ($ billion) | Federal Agency | Opportunities/Requirements for Subnational Entities | Capacity and Resource Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act | |||||
| 40101(c), 40103(b), 40107 | Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships | 10.500 | Department of Energy (DOE) | Subnational and tribal agencies are eligible for $3 billion in Smart Grid grants or $5 billion in grid innovation financial assistance (DOE-GD 2023b). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 40101(d) | Preventing Outages and Enhancing the Resilience of the Electric Grid | 0.459 | DOE | State and tribal governments are eligible for grants to undertake strategic planning, community engagement, and investments to improve grid resilience to all hazards (DOE-GD 2022). | |
| 40104, 40108, 40109 | U.S. State Energy Program | 0.500 | DOE | State and Territory Energy Offices receive formula funding for clean energy, energy security, demand response, and collaborative transmission siting planning and activities (DOE-SCEP 2023f). | Allocated on a formula basis to all states and territories. |
| 40314 | Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs | 8.000 | DOE | Subnational and tribal governments can be potential partners in the hubs, which will include hydrogen producers, potential consumers, connective infrastructure, and communities (DOE-OCED 2023). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 40431 | Utility Electric Vehicle (EV) Promotion Measures | 0.000 | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) | Each state regulatory authority and each nonregulated utility is required to consider measures to promote greater transportation electrification by amending rates (DOE-EERE 2023). | Entities with existing EV rates are exempt. Legislation does not provide any funding to states. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
| 40502 | Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund Capitalization | 0.250 | DOE | State and Territory Energy Offices can receive grants to establish a revolving loan fund for residential and commercial energy efficiency loans and audits (DOE 2022a). | Distributed to all states based on a formula allocation, with additional funding to “priority states” with high per-capita energy consumption or carbon dioxide emissions. |
| 40503 | Energy Auditor Training Grant Program | 0.040 | DOE | State and Territory Energy Offices can receive grants to support energy auditor training and education (DOE-SCEP 2023b). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 40511 | Resilient and Efficient Codes Implementation | 0.225 | DOE | State Energy Offices, Tribal Energy Offices, and partnerships among local code, construction, and energy efficiency entities are eligible for grants supporting building energy codes updates (DOE-EERE 2022). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 40541 | Energy Improvements at Public School Facilities | 0.500 | DOE | Local educational agencies can access grants to make clean energy improvements in K–12 public schools, with an emphasis on the highest-needs districts (DOE-SCEP 2023c). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 40551 | Weatherization Assistance Program | 3.500 | DOE | State weatherization agencies received expanded formula funding to conduct low-income home energy efficiency and weatherization programs (DOE 2022b). | Up to 15% of a grant may be used for administrative purposes. |
| 40552 | Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program | 0.550 | DOE | States and localities receive formula funding for energy efficiency, renewable energy, clean transportation, and financing projects and planning (DOE-SCEP 2023a). | Portion of funds are reserved for competitive program for lesser-populated localities and tribes. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
| Section(s) | Name | Amount ($ billion) | Federal Agency | Opportunities/Requirements for Subnational Entities | Capacity and Resource Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division J | National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program | 5.000 | Department of Transportation (DOT) | States, Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico can receive assistance to strategically deploy EV charging infrastructure to establish an interconnected network (DOT 2022). | Funds available as both formula and discretionary funds. |
| Inflation Reduction Act | |||||
| 13101, 13102, 13103, 13104, 13105, 13204, 13403, 13404, 13501, 13701, 13702, 13702(h), 13704 | Various tax credits | DOT | Tax-exempt organizations, such as state and local governments, are eligible for direct pay of tax incentives (White House 2022). | ||
| 22001 | Electric Loans for Renewable Energy | 1.000 | Department of Agriculture (USDA) | Subnational and tribal governments are eligible to receive loans and loan guarantees for the construction of electric distribution, transmission, and generation facilities (White House 2022). | Up to 50% non-federal cost share required but may be waived by Secretary. |
| 22007 | Increasing Land Access Program | 0.250 | USDA | Local and tribal governments, community-development financial institutions, and nonprofit education partners can receive grants for projects that improve land access for underserved farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners (White House 2022). | |
| 23003(a)(2) | Urban and Community Forestry Assistance Program | 1.500 | USDA | Subnational and tribal agencies can receive grants for tree-planting activities (White House 2022). | Up to 50% non-federal cost share required but may be waived by Secretary. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
| 40001 | Investing in Coastal Communities and Climate Resilience | 2.600 | Department of Commerce | Coastal states, tribal governments, and local governments can receive financial or technical assistance to support coastal resilience (White House 2022). | |
| 40007(a)(1) | Fueling Aviation’s Sustainable Transition Through Sustainable Aviation Fuels | 0.245 | Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) | Subnational and tribal governments can receive funding for projects relating to sustainable aviation fuel (White House 2022). | Between 10%–25% non-federal cost share required. |
| 40007(a)(2) | Fueling Aviation’s Sustainable Transition—Technology | 0.047 | FAA | Subnational and tribal governments can receive funding for projects relating to low-emission aviation technologies (White House 2022). | Between 10%–25% non-federal cost share required. |
| 50121, 50122 | Home Energy Rebates—Home Efficiency, Electrification, and Appliance Rebates | 8.800 | DOE | State Energy Offices can receive grants to develop whole-house and/or high-efficiency electric home rebates. Tribes are eligible for the electric home rebate program (DOE-SCEP 2023d). | Non-federal cost share of 20%–50% required depending on household income level and/or price of appliance. 20% of Electric Home Rebate Program allocations can be used for planning, administration, or technical assistance. |
| 50123 | State-Based Home Efficiency Contractor Training Grants | 0.200 | DOE | States can receive financial assistance to develop and implement training programs for contractors involved in the installation of home energy efficiency and electrification improvements (DOE-SCEP 2023e). |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
| Section(s) | Name | Amount ($ billion) | Federal Agency | Opportunities/Requirements for Subnational Entities | Capacity and Resource Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50131 | Assistance for Latest and Zero Building Energy Code Adoption | 1.000 | DOE | State and local governments with building code adoption authority can receive grants to adopt updated building energy codes (White House 2022). | |
| 50141 | Energy Loan Programs Office | 3.600 | DOE | Subnational and tribal governments, school districts, housing authorities, and nonprofits are among the eligible recipients to receive loan guarantees for Innovative Clean Energy technologies, including fossil energy, nuclear energy, critical minerals processing, manufacturing, and recycling (White House 2022). | |
| 50144 | Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment Financing | 5.000 | DOE | Subnational governments are anticipated to be among the eligible recipients of loan guarantees for projects that retool, repower, repurpose, or replace energy infrastructure (White House 2022). | |
| 50145 | Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program | 0.075 | DOE | Tribal governments and economic development organizations can receive direct loans or partial loan guarantees for a broad range of energy resources, products, and services (White House 2022). | |
| 50152 | Siting of Interstate Electricity Transmission Lines | 0.760 | DOE | Transmission siting authorities or other state, local, or tribal government entities are eligible for grants to facilitate siting of transmission projects and economic development activities in impacted communities (DOE-GD 2023a). | At least 50% non-federal cost share required for grants to siting authorities. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
| 50241 | Climate Change Technical Assistance for Territories | 0.015 | Department of the Interior (DOI) | Territorial governments can receive technical assistance for climate planning, mitigation, adaptation, and resilience (White House 2022). | Funds will support technical assistance, but not direct financial assistance. |
| 60101 | Clean Heavy-Duty Vehicles | 1.000 | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | Subnational and tribal governments and school transportation associations can receive grants and rebates to offset the incremental costs of zero-emission vehicles, infrastructure, workforce development and training, and planning and technical assistance (White House 2022). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 60103 | Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund | 27.000 | EPA | States, municipalities, and tribal governments are directly eligible for $7 billion program to provide financial and technical assistance to low-income and disadvantaged communities to deploy zero-emission technologies. Green banks, community development financial institutions, credit unions, housing agencies, and others are eligible for the $20 billion General and Low-Income Assistance Competition (EPA 2023). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 60104 | Diesel Emissions Reductions | 0.060 | EPA | Subnational and tribal agencies and port authorities can receive grants, rebates, and loans to reduce diesel emissions resulting from goods movement facilities and services in low-income and disadvantaged communities (White House 2022). | |
| 60105 | Funding to Address Air Pollution | 0.236 | EPA | Subnational and tribal agencies can receive grants and technical assistance across a variety of topic areas: Clean Air Act planning and implementation, mobile source, fenceline air monitoring, multipollutant monitoring, air quality sensors, methane monitoring (White House 2022). |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
| Section(s) | Name | Amount ($ billion) | Federal Agency | Opportunities/Requirements for Subnational Entities | Capacity and Resource Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60106 | Funding to Address Air Pollution at Schools | 0.050 | EPA | Subnational and tribal governments can receive grants and technical assistance to monitor and reduce pollution and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in schools in low-income and disadvantaged communities (White House 2022). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 60109 | Implementation of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act | 0.039 | EPA | Subnational governments can receive grants to phase down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (White House 2022). | Recipients must compete for funds. |
| 60113 | Methane Emissions Reduction Program | 1.550 | EPA | Subnational and tribal governments are eligible to receive grants, rebates, or contracts to reduce methane or other GHGs from petroleum and natural gas systems (White House 2022). | |
| 60114 | Climate Pollution Reduction Grants | 5.000 | EPA | Subnational and tribal governments are eligible to receive grants to develop and implement plans for reducing GHG air pollution (White House 2022). | Initial $250 million for planning grants and remaining $4.75 billion for competitive implementation grants. |
| 60201 | Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grants | 3.000 | EPA | Tribal and local governments can partner with community-based nonprofits to receive grants and technical assistance to reduce indoor and outdoor air pollution (White House 2022). | Most recipients must compete for grants. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
| 60501 | Neighborhood Access and Equity Grant Program | 3.205 | DOT | Subnational and tribal governments and special-purpose districts for projects that improve walkability and transportation access (White House 2022). | Recipients must compete for funds. Grants can be used for planning and capacity-building in disadvantaged communities. Non-federal cost of 20% required expect in disadvantaged communities. |
| 60506 | Low-Carbon Transportation Materials Program | 2.000 | DOT | Subnational and tribal governments and special-purpose districts can receive reimbursements or incentives for the use of low-embodied carbon construction materials and products in federally funded highway projects (White House 2022). | |
| 80001 | Tribal Climate Resilience | 0.235 | DOI | Tribes can receive financial assistance to support climate resilience planning, habitat restoration and adaptation, community-directed relocation, fish hatchery operations, and other activities (White House 2022). | |
| 80002 | Native Hawaiian Climate Resilience | 0.025 | DOI | State, local, and Native Hawaiian Community representatives can receive financial assistance to develop and implement a new Native Hawaii Climate Resilience Program (White House 2022). | |
| 80003 | Tribal Electrification Program | 0.150 | DOI | Tribes can receive financial and technical assistance to increase the number of homes with zero-emission electricity (White House 2022). | May also come in the form of direct federal spending. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
REFERENCES
DOE (Department of Energy). 2022a. “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund Capitalization Grant Program (EE RLF) IIJA ALRD.” Administrative and Legal Requirements Document (ALDR). https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/EE-RLF-IIJA-Administrative-and-Legal-Requirements-Document.pdf.
DOE. 2022b. “Weatherization Assistance Program for Low-Income Persons: Application Instructions.” https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/bil-application-instructions_v2.pdf.
DOE-EERE (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy). 2022. “Resilient and Efficient Codes Implementation: Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.” https://www.energycodes.gov/sites/default/files/2022-07/NECC2022_2_DOE_IIJA_Presentation.pdf.
DOE-EERE. 2023. “Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021).” https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/infrastructure-investment-jobs-act.
DOE-GD (U.S. Department of Energy Grid Deployment Office). 2022. “DOE’s Implementation Plan for IIJA Section 40101(D)—Formula Grants to States and Indian Tribes for Preventing Outages and Enhancing the Resilience of the Electric Grid.” Notice of Intent (No. DE-FOA-0002764) to Issue Formula Grant Administrative and Legal Requirements (ALRD) Announcement No. DE-FOA-0002736. https://netl.doe.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/IIJA%2040101d%20-%20Notice%20of%20Intent.pdf.
DOE-GD. 2023a. “Frequently Asked Questions on the Transmission Siting and Economic Development Grants Program.” https://www.energy.gov/gdo/frequently-asked-questions-transmission-siting-and-economic-development-grantsprogram.
DOE-GD. 2023b. “Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships (GRIP) Program.” https://www.energy.gov/gdo/gridr-esilience-and-innovation-partnerships-grip-program.
DOE-OCED (Department of Energy Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations). 2023. “OCED Funding Opportunity Exchange.” https://oced-exchange.energy.gov/Default.aspx#FoaId4e674498-618c-4f1a-9013-1a1ce56e5bd3.
DOE-SCEP (Department of Energy Office of State and Community Energy Programs). 2023a. “EECBG Program Formula Grant Application Hub.” https://www.energy.gov/scep/eecbg-program-formula-grant-application-hub.
DOE-SCEP. 2023b. “Energy Auditor Training Grant Program.” https://www.energy.gov/scep/energy-auditor-training-grant-program.
DOE-SCEP. 2023c. “Grants for Energy Improvements at Public School Facilities.” https://www.energy.gov/scep/grants-energy-improvements-public-school-facilities.
DOE-SCEP. 2023d. “Home Energy Rebate Programs Early Administrative Funds Administrative and Legal Requirements Document (ALRD).” https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/Home_Energy_Rebates_ALRD.pdf.
DOE-SCEP. 2023e. “State-Based Home Energy Efficiency Contractor Training Grants.” https://www.energy.gov/scep/state-based-home-energy-efficiency-contractor-training-grants.
DOE-SCEP. 2023f. “State Energy Program Guidance.” https://www.energy.gov/scep/state-energy-program-guidance.
DOT (Department of Transportation). 2022. Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL): Overview of Highway Provisions. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/docs/bil_overview_20211122.pdf.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2023. “EPA Announces Initial Program Design of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.” https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-initial-program-design-greenhouse-gas-reduction-fund.
White House. 2022. Inflation Reduction Act Guidebook. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Inflation-Reduction-Act-Guidebook.pdf.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix J: Select Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Implicating Subnational Entities." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/25931.
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