| IGRT | image-guided radiotherapy |
| IMRT | intensity-modulated radiotherapy |
| ITDB | Incident and Tracking Database |
| kerma | kinetic energy released per unit mass |
| LANL | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| linac | linear accelerator |
| LMIC | low- and middle-income country |
| LVS | License Verification System |
| LWD | logging while drilling |
| NDT | nondestructive testing |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| NNSA | National Nuclear Security Administration |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NSTC | National Science and Technology Council |
| NSTS | National Source Tracking System |
| NTI | Nuclear Threat Initiative |
| ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
| ORS | Office of Radiological Security |
| OSRP | Off-Site Source Recovery Program |
| PNNL | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| R&D | research and development |
| RADLOT | Radiation Source Location Tracking |
| RBE | relative biological effectiveness |
| RDD | radiological dispersal device |
| RIDL | Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal |
| RTG | radioisotope thermoelectric generator |
| SAL | sterility assurance level |
| SBIR | Small Business Innovation Research |
| SCAR | Small Controlled Area Radiography |
| SCATR | Source Collection and Threat Reduction program |
| SIT | sterile insect technique |
| SPWLA | Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts |
| SRS | stereotactic radiosurgery |
| SSTS | Sealed Source Tracking System |
| STTR | Small Business Technology Transfer |
| TA-GvHD | transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease |
| TRL | Technology Readiness Level |
| UNSCEAR | United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation |
| U.S. NRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| USDA | U.S. Department of Agriculture |