E

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’s Reports to Congress¹

This appendix presents the research gaps and priorities identified by each of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’s (USPSTF’s) annual reports to Congress.

“TENTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2020)

• Child and adolescent health and health inequities related to:
  • Mental and behavioral health
    • Screening for depression in children and adolescents
    • Screening for suicide risk in adolescents, adults, and older adults
  • Substance use
    • Primary care interventions for prevention and cessation of tobacco use in children and adolescents
    • Primary care-based interventions for illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults
    • Screening for unhealthy drug use in adolescents
  • Obesity
    • Screening for obesity in children and adolescents

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¹ Adapted from https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/reports-congress (accessed July 30, 2021).

“NINTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2019)

• Mental health and substance use
  • Preventive interventions for perinatal depression
  • Screening and behavioral counseling interventions for unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults
  • Primary care interventions for tobacco use prevention and cessation in children and adolescents
  • Screening by asking about drug use for illicit drug use, including nonmedical use of prescription drugs, in adolescents and adults
• Violence prevention
  • Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults
  • Interventions for child maltreatment

“EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2018)

• Cancer prevention
  • Screening for cervical cancer, especially among diverse populations
  • Screening for prostate cancer, especially among African American men and men with a family history
  • Screening and behavioral counseling for skin cancer
• Cardiovascular health
  • Screening for atrial fibrillation with electrocardiography
  • Screening for cardiovascular disease risk with electrocardiography
  • Risk assessment for cardiovascular disease with nontraditional risk factors
  • Screening for peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease risk assessment with the Ankle-Brachial Index

“SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2017)

• Topics where more research is needed
  • Screening for celiac disease
  • Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults

• • Screening for gynecologic conditions with pelvic examination
  • Vision screening in children younger than age 3 years
  • Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults age 76 years and older
• Evidence gaps relating to specific populations
  • Screening for breast cancer in African American women
  • Screening for prostate cancer in African American men
  • Screening for illicit drug use in children and adolescents
  • Screening for hearing loss in older adults

“SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2016)

• Topics where further research is needed
  • Screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children
  • Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in men
  • Tobacco smoking cessation (electronic nicotine delivery systems) in adults
  • Vitamin supplementation (nutrients and multivitamins) to prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease
  • Screening for skin cancer in adults
• Evidence gaps relating to specific populations
  • Screening for breast cancer in African American women
  • Screening for cervical cancer in Hispanic and African American women
  • Screening for colorectal cancer in African Americans and American Indians/Alaska Natives

“FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2015)

• Screening for intimate partner violence, illicit drug use, and mental health conditions
• Screening for thyroid dysfunction
• Screening for vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures; screening for osteoporosis
• Screening for cancer
• Implementing clinical preventive services

“FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2014)

• Evidence gaps relating to the care of children and adolescents
  • Mental health conditions and substance abuse
  • Obesity and cardiovascular health
  • Behavior and development
  • Infectious diseases
  • Cancer prevention
  • Injury and child maltreatment
  • Vision disorders

“THIRD ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2013)

• Evidence gaps related to the care of older adults
  • Screening for cognitive impairment and dementia
  • Screening for physical and mental well-being of older adults
  • Preventing falls and fractures
  • Screening for vision and hearing problems
  • Avoiding the unintended harms of medical procedures and testing in older adults

“SECOND ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2012)

• Topics where further research is needed
  • Screening for chronic kidney disease
  • Screening for cervical cancer with human papillomavirus (HPV) tests
  • Screening for prostate cancer
• Evidence gaps relating to specific populations
  • Screening for chronic kidney disease in African American adults
  • Screening for prostate cancer in African American men
  • Counseling about sun-protective behaviors in families with children under age 10 to reduce the risk for skin cancer

“FIRST ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS ON HIGH-PRIORITY EVIDENCE GAPS FOR CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES” (2011)

• Screening tests
  • Screening for coronary heart disease with new and old technologies
  • Screening for colorectal cancer with new modalities
  • Screening for hepatitis C
  • Screening for hip dysplasia in newborns
• Behavioral interventions
  • Moderate to low-intensity counseling for obesity
  • Interventions in primary care to prevent child abuse and neglect
  • Screening for illicit drug use in primary care

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