Planning and Operations Initiatives to Support Nighttime Transit Ridership
2025

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The COVID-19 pandemic-induced shift toward remote and hybrid work arrangements significantly impacted peak hour transit ridership across the United States; however, offpeak ridership exhibited greater resilience. As a result, many transit agencies began reevaluating their service strategies, placing greater emphasis on nighttime service enhancements to better serve emerging travel patterns and support those who rely on transit outside conventional work hours.

TCRP Synthesis 181: Planning and Operations Initiatives to Support Nighttime Transit Ridership, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, documents current practices undertaken by transit agencies to support nighttime transit ridership and focuses on how transit agencies prioritize service improvements to support nighttime transit demand and address the needs of essential workers. It includes a survey of 25 transit agencies plus five case examples that examine strategies related to safety, operations, resource allocation, ridership trends, and partnerships.

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82 pages · 8.5 x 11 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99541-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99542-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/29221

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Planning and Operations Initiatives to Support Nighttime Transit Ridership. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Front Matter i-x
Summary 1-2
1 Introduction 3-6
2 Literature Review 7-25
3 Survey 26-37
4 Case Examples 38-51
5 Conclusion 52-55
References 56-57
Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 58-64
Appendix B: Case Example Interviews 65-72

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Planning and Operations Initiatives to Support Nighttime Transit Ridership (2025)

Chapter: Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire

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Planning and Operations Initiatives to Support Nighttime Transit Ridership (2025)

Chapter: Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire