Previous Chapter: 5 Related Resources
Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.

REFERENCES

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AASHTO. 2018. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 7th Edition. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Washington, DC.

Austin Transportation Department. 2017. Draft Austin Street Design Guide. Austin, TX. https://austintexas.gov/sites/default/files/files/Transportation/Austin_Street_Design_Guide_June_2017_Public_Launch_reduced_size_06202017.pdf

Austroads. 2017. Guide to Traffic Management Part 13: Road Environment Safety, AGTM13-17. Austroads Ltd. Sydney, Australia.

Bagdade, J., D. Nabors, H. McGee, R. Miller, and R. Retting. 2012. Speed Management: A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners, FHWA-SA-12-027. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety, Washington, DC.

Boodlal, L., E. Donnell, R. Porter, D. Garimella, T. Le, K. Croshaw, S. Himes, P. Kulis, and J. Wood. 2015. Factors Influencing Operating Speeds and Safety on Rural and Suburban Roads, FHWA-HRT-15-030. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.

Brewer, M. A., K. Fitzpatrick, E. S. Park, and B. Kutela. 2026. NCHRP Web-Only Document 460, Volume 1: Designing for Target Speed: Operating Speed and Road Elements. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.

Calvi, A. 2015. Does roadside Vegetation Affect Driving Performance? Driving Simulator Study on the Effects of Trees on Drivers’ Speed and Lateral Position. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2518:1, pp. 1-8. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.

Charlotte Department of Transportation. 2007. Urban Street Design Guidelines. Charlotte, NC. Chicago Department of Transportation. 2013. Complete Streets Design Guidelines. Chicago, IL.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2024. Safe Speeds: Roadway Treatment Technical Toolkit. https://www.mass.gov/tool-kit/safe-speeds-roadway-treatment-technical-toolkit.

Donnell, E., S. Hines, K. Mahoney, D. Eng., R. Porter, and H. McGee. 2009. Speed Concepts: Informational Guide, FHWA-SA-10-001. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety, Washington, DC.

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FHWA. 2009. Engineering Countermeasure for Reducing Speeds: A Desktop Reference of Potential Effectiveness. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.

FHWA. 2014. Engineering Speed Management Countermeasures: A Desktop Reference of Potential Effectiveness in Reducing Crashes. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

FHWA. 2017. Speed Management Toolkit, FHWA-SA-15-017. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety, Washington, DC. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/docs/speedmanagementtoolkit_final.pdf

FHWA. 2023. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 11th Edition. Federal Highway Administration. Washington, DC. https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/kno_11th_Edition.htm.

Fitzpatrick, K., P. Carlson, M. A. Brewer, M. D. Wooldridge, and S. P. Miaou. 2003. NCHRP Report 504: Design Speed, Operating Speed and Posted Speed Practices. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.

Fitzpatrick, K., S. Das, M. Pratt, K. Dixon, and T. Gates. 2021a. NCHRP Research Report 966: Posted Speed Limit Setting Procedure and Tool: User Guide. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.

Fitzpatrick, K., M. Shirinzad, and J. Whitacre. 2023. Safety Evaluations of Innovative Intersection Designs for Pedestrians and Bicyclists. Report No. FHWA-HRT-23-033. Federal Highway Administration. Washington, DC. 2023.

Fitzpatrick, K., R. Avelar, M. P. Pratt, S. Das, and D. Lord. 2021b. Crash Modification Factor for Corner Radius, Right-Turn Speed, and Prediction of Pedestrian Crashes at Signalized Intersections. Report no. FHWA-HRT-21-105. Federal Highway Administration. Washington, DC.

Florida Department of Transportation. 2018. FDOT Design Manual. Chapter 201: Design Controls. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL.

Florida Department of Transportation. 2024. Context Classification Guide. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL.

Florida Department of Transportation. 2024. Roadway Characteristics Inventory (RCI) Handbook. Target Speed - Feature 128. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL.

Florida Department of Transportation. 2025. FDOT Design Manual. Chapter 202: Speed Management. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL.

Flynn, D. F. B., A. Breck, O. Gillham, R. G. Atkins, and D. L. Fisher. 2020. Dynamic Speed Feedback Signs Are Effective in Reducing Driver Speeds: A Meta-Analysis. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2674:12, pp. 481-492. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.

Forbes, G., T. Gardner, H. McGee, and R. Srinivasan. 2012. Methods and Practices for Setting Speed Limits: An Informational Report. Report No. FHWA-SA-12-004. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety. Washington, DC.

Gattis, J. L., and A. Watts. 1999. “Urban street speed related to width and functional class.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 125, no. 3, pp. 193-200.

Gitelman, V., R. Carmel, F. Pesahov, and S. Chen. 2017. “Changes in road-user behaviors following the installation of raised pedestrian crosswalks combined with preceding speed humps, on urban

Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.

arterials.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Vol. 46, pp. 356-372.

Hallmark, S., S. Knickerbocker, and N. Hawkins. 2013. Evaluation of Low Cost Traffic Calming for Rural Communities – Phase II. Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University. Ames, IA.

Hallmark, S., N. Hawkins, and O. Smadi. 2015. Evaluation of Dynamic Speed Feedback Signs on Curves: a National Demonstration Project. Report No. FHWA-HRT-14-020. Federal Highway Administration. Washington, DC.

Hawkins, N. and S. Hallmark. 2020. Noteworthy Speed Management Practices, FHWA-SA-20-047. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety. Washington, DC.

Hopwood, C., K. Little, and D. Gaines. 2024. Safe System Roadway Design Hierarchy: Engineering and Infrastructure-related Countermeasures to Effectively Reduce Roadway Fatalities and Serious Injuries. Report No. FHWA-SA-22-069. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety, Washington, DC.

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ITE. 2010. Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach. Publication No. RP-036A. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Washington, DC.

ITE. 2018. Traffic Calming Fact Sheets: Corner Extension/Bulb Out. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Washington, DC. https://www.ite.org/pub/?id=2a288a67-0a3d-00d2-9e87-c82b9ebd6171.

Katz, B. J. 2007. Peripheral transverse pavement markings for speed control. Doctoral Dissertation. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Blacksburg, VA.

Kruszyna, M. and M. Matczuk-Pisarek. 2021. “The effectiveness of selected devices to reduce the speed of vehicles on pedestrian crossings.” Sustainability 13, No. 17, 9678.

Kueper, D. A. 2007. “Road diet treatment in Ocean City, NJ, USA.” ITE Journal 77, no. 2, p. 18. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Washington, DC.

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Massachusetts Department of Transportation. 2023. MassDOT Project Development and Design Guide. Chapter 3, Section 3.6. Boston, MA.

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Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.

Ohlms, P. B., L. E. Dougald, and H. E. MacKnight. 2020. How’s That Diet Working: Performance of Virginia Road Diets. Report No. VTRC 20-R19. Virginia Transportation Research Council. Charlottesville, VA.

Oregon Department of Transportation. 2025. Highway Design Manual. Section 207. Salem, OR.

Park, E. S., K. Fitzpatrick, S. Das, and R. Avelar. 2020. “Exploration of the relationship among roadway characteristics, operating speed, and crashes for city streets using path analysis” Accident Analysis and Prevention 150.

Queensland, Department of Main Roads. 2005. “Chapter 4: Road Design Criteria,” in Road Planning and Design Manual 2005 ed. Queensland Department of Roads. Brisbane, Australia.

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Seattle Department of Transportation. N.D. Speed Limits. https://www.seattle.gov/transportation/projects-and-programs/safety-first/vision-zero/speedlimits

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Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.

Van Houten, R. and J. Hochmuth. 2016. Evaluation of R1-6 Gateway Treatment Alternatives for Pedestrian Crossings: Follow Up Report. Report No. RC-1643. Western Michigan University. Kalamazoo, MI.

Venegas, K., B. D. Taylor, S. Martinez, and Y. H. Hwang. 2024. Take the High (Volume) Road: Analyzing the Safety and Speed Effects of High-Traffic-Volume Road Diets. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2678:6, pp. 74-86. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.

Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency. 2022. Speed Management Guide: Road to Zero edition. Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency. Wellington, New Zealand.

Washington State Department of Transportation. 2024. WSDOT Design Manual. Chapter 1103. Olympia, WA.

Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.
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Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.
Page 64
Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.
Page 65
Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.
Page 66
Suggested Citation: "References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Designing for Target Speed, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29514.
Page 67
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