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Suggested Citation: "D U.S. Government Agencies That Own and/or Use Submersibles." National Research Council. 1996. Undersea Vehicles and National Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5069.

APPENDIX E Deep Submersible Vehicles in Service or Available Worldwide

Country	Submersible	Operator	Depth	Date Built or Modified
USA^a	Alvin	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution	4,500 m	1964/mod 1973
	Clelia	Harbor Branch Institution of Oceanography	350 m	1974
	Delta	Delta Oceanographics, Inc.	300 m	1982
	Diving Saucer	Jacques Cousteau Society	350 m	1959
	Nekton Gamma	Carribean Research Lab	300 m	1970
	NR-1	U.S. Navy	700 m	1969
	Pisces V	University of Hawaii	1,500 m	1973
	Sea Cliff	U.S. Navy	6,000 m	1964/mod 1982
	Sea-Link 1	Harbor Branch	800 m	1971
	Sea-Link 2	Harbor Branch	800 m	1975
	Snooper	Undersea Graphics	300 m	1969
	Turtle	U.S. Navy	3,000 m	1968/mod 1985
Russia^b	Argos	P.P. Shirshov Institute	600 m	1975
	MIR I	P.P. Shirshov Institute	6,000 m	1987
	MIR II	P.P. Shirshov Institute	6,000 m	1987
	Osmotr	P.P. Shirshov Institute	300 m	1985
	Pisces XI	P.P. Shirshov Institute	2,000 m	1975
	Pisces VII	P.P. Shirshov Institute	2,000 m	1975
Ukraine^c	Sever 2	Academy of Science	2,000 m	1969
	Sever 2 Bis	Academy of Science	2,000 m	1970
	Benthos I	Academy of Science	300 m	1969
	Benthos II	Academy of Science	300 m	1972
	Tinro-2	Academy of Science	400 m	1973
	Tinro-2 Bis	Academy of Science	400 m	1974
France^d	Cyana	IFREMER	3,000 m	1970
	Deep Rover 2	Ellipse Program	1,000 m	1994
	Deep Rover 2	Ellipse Program	1,000 m	1994
	Nautile	IFREMER	6,000 m	1985
	Saga	IFREMER	600 m	1987
	SO-450-Vaimana	Papete, Tahiti Industrie et Tourisme Sous-Marin	450 m	1982
Japan	Shinkai 2000	JAMSTEC	2,000 m	1981
	Shinkai 6500	JAMSTEC	6,500 m	1987
Canada	Deep Rover	Can Dive	1,000 m	1984
	Pisces IV	Institute of Ocean Science	2,000 m	1972

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Country	Submersible	Operator	Depth	Date Built or Modified
Romania^e	SC-200	Institute of Oceanology	200 m	1979
	SM-358	Institute of Oceanology	300 m	1979
Switzerland	A.F. Forel	Piccard	500 m	1979
Germany	JAGO	Max Planck Institute	500 m	1990
Finland	SM 80/2	Finnish National Board of Waters and Environment	500 m	1990
South Korea^f	Hae Yang 250	Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute	100 m	1988
Bulgaria^g	PC-8	Institute of Oceanology	200 m	1981
SOURCE: Don Walsh, International Maritime, Inc. ^a U.S. Navy submersibles primarily support Navy missions; however, significant amounts of time are provided to the U.S. marine science community each year. ^b Because of uncertain economic conditions in Russia, few operations are being conducted at present. Several of these submersibles have been offered for sale. ^c Because of uncertain economic conditions in Ukraine, few operations are being conducted at present. Several of these submersibles have been offered for sale. ^d Saga is currently in storage. The SO-450 will be used in French Polynesia for scientific and commercial operations. ^e The operational status of these submersibles is unknown because of uncertain economic conditions in Romania. ^f This Kordi submersible was built in Korea and is currently inactive. ^g Because of uncertain economic conditions in Bulgaria, this submersible is believed to be inactive.

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Undersea Vehicles and National Needs (1996)

Chapter: D U.S. Government Agencies That Own and/or Use Submersibles

APPENDIX E Deep Submersible Vehicles in Service or Available Worldwide

My Academies

Undersea Vehicles and National Needs (1996)

Chapter: D U.S. Government Agencies That Own and/or Use Submersibles

APPENDIX E Deep Submersible Vehicles in Service or Available Worldwide