A
Abortion
anesthesia, 240
conception after, 250-251, 255
cost, 255-257
emotional response, 233
evaluating practitioners, 238-239
finding practitioners, 233, 236-238
incomplete, 249
length of pregnancy and, 231-233
medical methods, 251-255
pregnancy testing prior to, 233-236
presurgical procedure, 239-241
recovery, 243-245
safety, 233
surgical complications, 248-251
surgical procedures, 241-247
tubal occlusion after, 174
ultrasound evaluation, 239, 241
utilization, 231
vs. emergency contraception, 213
Abstinence, 2
in cycle-based birth control, 194, 196
for STD protection, 3-4
AIDS/HIV, 2-3
female condom protection, 38
male condom protection, 23
risk, 23-24
spermicide protection against, 75
Anemia, iron deficiency, 93-94
Avanti condoms, 27
B
Barbiturates, 126
Barrier contraceptives
mechanism, 19
for preventing STD, 2-3
See also specific type
Birth control pills. See Combined oral contraceptives
Progestin-only pills
Blood clots/clotting, 96, 97, 103, 110, 128
Body temperature, 199-201
Breastfeeding
as birth control method, 226-227, 228
Depo-Provera use and, 138, 229
fertility awareness birth control and, 230
implications of contraceptive methods, 225, 227-230
oral contraceptive use and, 101, 115, 229
ovulation and, 225
tubal occlusion and, 229
Butazolidin, 108
C
Cancer
Depo-Provera use and, 137
oral contraceptive use and, 91, 92-93, 98, 113-114
See also specific cancer site
Cardiovascular function
Norplant use and, 128
oral contraceptive use and, 91, 96-98, 110, 112
Cervical cancer, 99
Cervical cap
allergic reactions, 61-62
breastfeeding considerations, 228
care and storage, 69-70
checking placement of, 65-67
cost, 71
effectiveness, 59
fitting procedure, 58, 61, 62-63
health effects, 60-62
insertion procedure, 63-65
lubricant use, 65
removal, 68-69
Cervical dysplasia, 98-99
Cervicitis, 99
Cervical mucus, 201-204
Cervix, 14
Clitoris, 12
Combined oral contraceptives
advantages, 87-88
availability, 85-86
backup method with, 104
biphasic pill, 88
contraceptive action, 19-20, 86-87
cost, 108-109
diarrhea and, 107
drug interactions, 107-108
effectiveness, 89
for emergency contraception, 213-214, 215-216
forgetting to take, 106
good practice for taking, 104-107
health benefits, 91-95
health risks, 96-99
individual decision-making, 89
medical evaluation for, 103-104, 108-109
menstruation and, 101-102, 106-107
packaging, 104
reversibility, 89-91
starting, 104
surgery and, 103
triphasic pill, 88-89
types of, 85
use after giving birth, 103
use during pregnancy, 103
vomiting and, 107
Conceptrol Gel Disposables, 77
Condoms. See Female condom;
Male condom
Contraception
historical practice, 1
individual decision-making, 4-5
individual goals, 1
methods, 19-20.
See also specific method
Copper allergy, 148
Creighton model, 201
Cycle-based birth control
calendar-rhythm method, 198-199
cervical mucus method, 201-204
common features of methods, 193-194
cost, 206
effectiveness, 197-198
good candidates for, 197
mechanism of contraception, 193
methods, 198-205
symptothermal method, 204-205
temperature method, 199-201
training for, 194-195, 205-206
D
Dalkon Shield, 144
Depo-Provera, 19
administration, 139-140
contraceptive action, 134
cost, 140
drug interaction, 137
good candidates for, 138-139
inappropriate candidates for, 139
health effects, 136-137
menstruation and, 136
reversibility, 135
side effects, 134-135
utilization, 134
Depression
Depo-Provera use and, 137
Norplant effects, 126
oral contraceptive use and, 100-101
Desogen, 98
Desogestrol, 97-98
Diaphragm
advantages, 43-44
availability, 48
allergic reactions, 47-48
breastfeeding considerations, 228
care and storage, 55
cost, 56
disadvantages, 45
effectiveness, 46
health effects, 46-48
examination and fitting for, 49-50
insertion, 50-52
lubricant use, 53
maintenance, 55-56
removal, 53-55
spermicide use, 43, 44, 45-46, 50, 52-53, 54
types of, 48-49
Dilation and evacuation, 20, 232, 245-246
Douching, 158
cervical cap use and, 68
diaphragm use and, 53
E
Ectopic pregnancy. See Tuhal pregnancy
Embryonic/fetal development, 14, 17
oral contraceptive use and, 103, 114-115
Emergency contraception, 20, 212, 221
cost, 221
effectiveness, 215-216
following rape, 220
health effects, 216-217
implementation, 217-221
methods, 212
use of intrauterine device for, 215
use of oral contraceptives for, 213-214, 215-216, 217
Endometriosis, 95
Endometrial cancer, 92-93, 137
Endometrium, 14
Epididymis, 10
in vasectomy procedure, 182
Estrogen. See Hormones
F
ectopic pregnancy in, 18
See also Tubal occlusion
Female condom
advantages, 34-37
cost, 42
design, 34
disadvantages, 37
effectiveness, 37-38
health effects, 38
use of, 38-42
varieties of, 34
Ferncap, 62
Fertility awareness, 20, 194, 230
advantages of, for birth control, 194
devices for, 197
disadvantages of, for birth control, 194
See also Cycle-based birth control
Fibrocystic breast disease, 91
Follicle-stimulating hormone, 195
G
Gallbladder disease, 99
Glans, 7
Gonorrhea, 3
H
Health care providers
definition, 4
for emergency contraception, 217-219
examination for oral contraceptive prescription, 103-104, 119
for intrauterine device placement, 154-156
for Norplant implantation, 129-131, 133
for pregnancy testing, 233-236
for tubal occlusion, 174-176
for vasectomy, 187
Heart attack, 97
Hormones
contraceptive action of oral contraceptives, 19-20, 86, 87-89
in Depo-Provera, 134
female, 16
in intrauterine devices, 146-147
in menstrual cycle, 195-196
in Norplant, 121-122
in progestin-only pills, 110
Human papilloma virus, 61
Hymen, 12
Hysterectomy, 247
Hysterotomy, 247
I
Instillation abortion, 246-247
Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
advantages, 143
breastfeeding considerations, 228
contraceptive action, 20, 145-146
cost, 160
embedment, 152
for emergency contraception, 215, 216
expulsion, 151-152
good candidates for, 148-149
health effects, 149-154
inappropriate candidates for, 149
menstruation and, 157-158
pelvic inflammatory disease and, 144, 149-150
perforation of uterus, 152
placement, 154-156
pregnancy while using, 150-151
progesterone in, 146-147
removal, 159
reversibility, 148
safety, 144-145
STD risk and, 143-144
types of, 143
Iron deficiency, 93-94
IUD. See Intrauterine device
L
Labia, 12
Lactational amenorrhea, 226-227
cervical cap use and, 61-62
diaphragm use, 47-48
Levonorgestrel, 121
Liver disease, 128
Luteinizing hormone, 196
M
Male condom
advantages, 24
allergic effects, 26
animal skin, 27-28
application and use, 25, 29-32
care and storage, 32
cost, 32-33
effectiveness, 28-29
expiration date, 28
latex, 25-26
lubricants, 30-31
polyurethane, 27
STD protection, 23-24
Menstrual extraction, 247
after tubal occlusion, 177
biology of, 195-196
breastfeeding and, 226-227
calendar-rhythm method of birth control, 198-199
cervical cap use, 59
Depo-Provera and, 136
intrauterine device effects, 157-158
Norplant effects, 125, 131-132
oral contraceptive use and, 91, 95, 101-102, 106-107, 114, 117-119
ovulation and, 16
Methergine, 244
Minipills. See Progestin-only pill
Misoprostol, 232, 251-252, 253-254
Mons pubis, 11
N
National Abortion Federation hotline, 233, 237, 238, 251, 256
National Abortion Rights Action League, 256, 257
National Organization for Women, 256-257
Natural family planning, 194
advantages, 121-122
breastfeeding and, 127
contraceptive action, 19-20, 121, 122-123
cost, 133
counseling before insertion, 129-130
disadvantages, 122
drug interactions, 126
effectiveness, 124
good candidates for, 127-128
health effects, 125-128
inappropriate candidates for, 128
individual decision-making, 128-129
menstruation and, 125, 131-132
monitoring, 131
replacement, 132-133
reversibility, 124
side effects, 121
smoking and, 128
utilization, 122-124
O
Oral contraceptives. See Combined oral contraceptives;
Progestin-only pills
Ortho-Cept, 98
Ortho-Novum 10/11, 88
Ortho-Novum 7/7/7, 88
Os, 14
Ovarian cancer, 92
Ovaries, 15
Ovral, 214
breastfeeding and, 225, 226-227
cervical mucus changes in, 201-204
P
Pap smear, 4
ParaGard T380A, 143, 144, 147-148, 160, 215, 221
Pelvic inflammatory disease, 3
cause of, 94
effects of, 94
oral contraceptive use and, 94
Penis, 7
Perineum, 12
Phenylbutazone, 108
Pregnancy testing, 233-236
Prentif cap. See Cervical cap
Progestasert, 143, 144, 146-147, 153-154
Progestin. See Hormones
Progestin-only pill
backup method with, 116-117
cost, 119-120
diarrhea and, 117
drug interactions, 115
effectiveness, 111
for emergency contraception, 214, 215, 217
fetal effects, 114-115
forgetting to take, 117
good practice, 116-119
health benefits, 112-113
health risks, 113-114
mechanism of contraception, 110
menstruation and, 114, 117-119
reversibility, 112
vomiting and, 117
See also Depo-Provera;
Norplant
Prostaglandins, 254-255
Prostate gland, 10
R
Rape, emergency contraception for, 220
Reality Female Condom. See Female condom
Reproductive biology
after tubal occlusion, 163-164
after vasectomy, 179-180
female, 10-17
lifetime fertility, 163
male, 7-10
menstrual cycle, 195-196
RU486. See Mifepristone
S
Scrotum, 8
Semen, 10
Sexual arousal
male, 19
oral contraceptive use and, 101
reproductive biology, 7-8
Sexual intercourse, 18-19
male condom use, 30-31
withdrawal method of birth control, 207-211
Sexually transmitted disease, 2-4
cervical cap for protection against, 57-58, 59
diaphragm for protection against, 43-44, 47
female condom for protection against, 34
intrauterine devices and, 143-144
male condom for protection against, 23, 28
oral contraceptive protection against, 86, 94, 111
pelvic inflammatory disease and, 94
spermicide protection against, 75
Smoking
Norplant and, 128
oral contraceptive use and, 91, 97
Sperm
fertilization process, 14, 16-17
life span, 16-17
production of, 8-10
vasectomy effects, 179-180, 182, 186
Spermicide, 24
advantages, 72-73
allergic reaction to, 26, 47-48
availability, 72
bioadhesive gel, 79-80
breastfeeding and, 228
contraceptive film, 80-81
effectiveness, 73-75
foams, 78-79
gels and jellies, 77-79
health problems associated with, 75-76
placement, 74
STD protection, 75
for STD protection, 3
types of, 72
use of, 76-81
use with cervical cap, 65, 67-68
use with diaphragm, 43, 44, 45-46, 50, 52-53, 54
use with male condom, 31-32
use with withdrawal method, 208-209
vaginal suppositories, 80
Squeeze technique, 209-210
STD. See Sexually transmitted disease
Sterilization, 20
female. See Tubal occlusion
male. See Vasectomy
Suction curettage, 232, 242-245
T
Talcum, 69
Depo-Provera use, 138
developmental biology, 9
Testes/testicles, 8-9
Thrombophlebitis, 97
Toxic shock syndrome, 47
cervical cap use and, 60
symptoms, 60
Tri-Levlen, 88
Triphasil, 88
Tubal occlusion
anesthesia during, 164, 169-170
breastfeeding and, 229
choosing practitioner for, 174-176
cost, 178
laparascopy, 166-167
menstruation after, 177
methods and techniques, 164-170
minilaparatomy, 165-166
possible complications, 172-173
postoperative care, 176-178
preparation for surgery, 176
reproductive biology after, 163-164
reversibility, 170-171
scheduling, 173-174
Tubal pregnancy, 18
after tubal occlusion, 172-173
intrauterine devices and, 151
oral contraceptive use and, 95, 113
pelvic inflammatory disease and, 3
U
Unwanted pregnancy, 231
Urethra
female, 12
male, 10
Urinary tract infections, 47
Uterus, 13-15
V
Vacuum aspiration, 232, 242-245
Vagina, 12-13
Vaginal contraceptive film, 80-81
Vas deferens, 10
vasectomy procedure, 180-181
Vasectomy, 229
choosing practitioner for, 187
contraceptive mechanism, 179
cost, 190
effectiveness, 183-184
health effects, 179-180, 185-186
individual decision-making, 186-188
methods and techniques, 180-183
postoperative care, 189-190
preparation for surgery, 188
recovery, 182-183
sexual intercourse after, 190
W
Wilson's disease, 148
Withdrawal method
contraceptive mechanism, 207
disadvantages, 207-208
effectiveness, 208
technique, 208-211
Y
Yuzpe method, 214
Z
Zona pellucida, 17