Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure (1997)

Chapter: Chemical Formulas of Cement Materials

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Suggested Citation: "Chemical Formulas of Cement Materials." National Research Council. 1997. Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5560.
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Chemical Formulas of Cement Materials

C

CaO

H

H2O

S

SiO2

SO3

A

Al2O3

N

Na2O

F

Fe2O3

K

K2O

M

MgO

C3S

3CaO·SiO2 = tricalcium silicate = alite

C2S

2CaO·SiO2 = dicalcium silicate = belite

C3A

3CaO·Al2O3 = tricalcium aluminate

C4AF

4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 = calcium alumino ferrite

C-S-H

Calcium silicate hydrate, a colloidal and mostly amorphous gel with a variable composition; this is the major hydration product of Portland cement, constituting approximately 70 percent of the paste, and is the phase providing most of the strength and binding

CH

Calcium hydroxide, a hydration product constituting approximately 20 percent of the paste and, while contributing little to the overall strength, buffers the paste pore solution to a pH of approximately 12.5

Afm

Tetra-calcium aluminate trisulfate hydrate, usually with some substitution of Al by Fe and SO4 substituting for hydroxyl
 
Page 108 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Chemical Formulas of Cement Materials." National Research Council. 1997. Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5560.
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Aft

Ettringite, a calcium trialuminate hydrate, usually with some substitution of Al by Fe

Monosulfate

(Afm with complete SO4 substitution)

w/c or w/b

Mass ratio of water to cement or binder (cement + mineral admixtures)
Page 107 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Chemical Formulas of Cement Materials." National Research Council. 1997. Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5560.
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Page 107
Page 108 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Chemical Formulas of Cement Materials." National Research Council. 1997. Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5560.
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Page 108
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