A

Adaptation, species, 40, 107, 112, 127

Agriculture, 4, 17

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 63, 64, 129

Benchmarks for Science Literacy, 47, 63, 125

Associations, see Professional associations

Astronomy, 11, 55, 125

educational standards, 50, 52

heliocentricism, 5, 27-30

Hubble telescope, 12

B

Bacteria, 1, 17, 34, 90

Benchmarks for Science Literacy, 47, 63, 125

Birds, 19, 20, 31, 34, 35, 37-38, 81-82

Botany, see Plant life

C

Cambrian explosion, 34, 57-58, 127

Carrying capacity, 100

Chemical ecology, 21

Coevolution, 20-21, 50

Community support, 124

Computers and software, 106, 111, 119

The Content Core: A Guide for Curriculum Designers, 47

Copernicus, Nicolaus, 28, 29, 30

Court cases, creationism and evolutionary theory, 9, 58, 121-122

teacher association positions, 126, 128

Creationism, 9, 56-59

American Association for the Advancement of Science, position, 129

court decisions, 9, 58-59, 121-122

defined, 55, 125

public opinion, viii

teacher interactions on, 9

teachers association positions, 124, 125-126, 127

textbooks,

disclaimers, 7, 9(n.3), 124

state law, 9(n.3)

Crick, Francis, 14-15

Curricula, 7, 62-64

criteria, 105-106

National Science Teachers Association position, 124

standards and, 47, 48, 105-106

see also Instructional materials and equipment

D

Darwin, Charles, 1, 11, 13-14, 19, 32-33, 34-39, 40, 42, 55, 62, 81-82, 93-94, 98-99, 100

Definitions, 55-59

evolution, 11, 13, 48, 55, 82, 125

fact, scientific, 5, 7-8, 56

hypothesis, 5, 22-24, 74-76

laws, scientific, 5, 56, 76

models, 76

theory, 4-5, 7-8, 22, 56, 76, 124-125, 127

Disclaimers, textbooks, 7, 9(n.3), 124

DNA, 14-15, 16, 39, 40-42

human evolution, 19, 81, 84-86

E

Ecological approach, 3, 9, 19-21, 90, 98, 100

educational standards, 49

Educational materials, see Instructional materials and equipment

Educators, see Professional associations;

Teachers

Edwards v. Aguillard, 9(n.5), 58, 121, 126, 128

Elementary education, see Primary education

Entomology, see Insects

Eppeson v. Arkansas, 121, 128

Evaluation

content analysis, 108

of instructional materials and equipment, 105, 107-119 (passim)

curricula, 47, 48, 105-106

of teaching methods

materials, 105, 107-109, 110-119

see also National Science Education Standards;

Standards

F

Fossil record, 1, 8, 11, 16, 33-35, 55

ant evolution, 15

Cambrian explosion, 34, 57-58, 127

educational standards, 52, 107, 112, 127

gaps in, 8

human evolution, 82, 84, 87-89

instructional materials, 44-45, 87

mammals, 8, 16, 18

radiometric dating, 34, 35, 52, 90, 127

teaching activities, 62, 82, 84, 87-89, 90

teaching methods, 44-46

tectonic movement and, 40

G

Genetics, 1-2, 15-16, 19, 39, 42, 127

historical overview, 14

teaching activities, 74, 75-76, 100

see also DNA;

Mutation;

Variation, species

Genomes, 42

Geography, natural selection and, 14, 37

Geology, 3, 6, 33, 35-36, 55

educational standards, 49-50, 52

models and modeling, 90, 92

plate tectonics, 40-41

radiometric dating, 34, 35, 52, 90, 127

teacher associations, position, 125, 127

teaching activities, 62, 90-92

Grades K-4, see Primary education

Grades 5-8, see Middle school

Grades 9-12, see Secondary education

H

Heliocentricism, 5, 27-30

High school, see Secondary education

Historical perspectives

educational standards, 50-51, 53, 116

evolutionary theory, 11, 13-15, 62, 81-82, 93-99

evolution as historical process, 16, 18, 27

heliocentricism, 5, 27-30

scientific theory, 67, 109, 116;

see also "evolutionary theory" supra

tectonic plates, 40-41

see also Fossil record;

specific historical figures (e.g., Darwin; Lamarck; Wallace)

Hubble telescope, 12

Human evolution, 16, 19, 20, 27, 41-42, 57, 127

fossil record, 82, 84, 87-89

models of, 61-62, 81-86

teaching activities, 82, 84, 87-89, 100-103

I

Insects, 17, 20-21, 56, 75-76

ant evolution, 15

Instructional materials and equipment

computers and software, 106, 111, 119

content analysis, 108

evalution of, 105, 107-119 (passim)

evidence/models/explanation, 82, 107

fossils, 44-45, 87

geologic time, 90

history of evolutionary theory, 94

natural selection, 78-79

population growth/evolution, 100-101

scientific method, 22-25, 67, 94, 107, 108-109, 114-116

standards, 105, 107-119 (passim)

videotapes, 111, 132

see also Publications;

Textbooks

Internet, see World Wide Web

L

Lamarck, Jean, 62, 93, 94, 96

Law and legal issues

creationism, 9, 58, 123, 125

textbooks, disclaimers, 7, 9(n.3), 124

see also Court cases

Laws, scientific, 5, 56, 76

Life sciences, 1, 17

bacteria, 1, 17, 34, 90

educational standards, 51, 82, 127, 128

see also Genetics

Linneaus, Carolus, 30-31

M

MacArthur, Robert, 20

Malthus, Thomas, 100

Mammalian evolution, 8, 16, 18-19, 27, 31, 32, 34

see also Human evolution

Mathematics, 79-80, 100-103, 105

Mayr, Ernst, 43

McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 58, 121, 126

Mendel, Gregor, 14

Mesozioc era, 15

Methodology, see Science, nature of;

Teaching methods

Middle school, 63, 64

standards, 48-51, 108-109

teaching activities, 61, 62, 66, 74, 87, 90, 100

Models and modeling, 107

defined, 76

educational standards, 48, 109, 112, 127

evidence, 22-25

evolution and equilibrium, 9(n.1), 100, 127

geologic time, 90, 92

human evolution, 61-62, 81-86

hypotheses, scientific, 5, 22-24, 67

mathematical, 79-80, 100-103, 105

population growth/natural selection, 62, 78-79, 100-103

scientific experimentation, 22-25

teaching activities, 61-64, 66, 67, 76, 81-86, 90, 92, 100-103

Mutation, 14, 52, 56

teaching activities, 74, 78, 100

see also Natural selection;

Species and speciation

N

National Association of Biology Teachers, 58, 127-128

National Science Education Standards, 47-53, 114-118

evolution and equilibrium, 9(n.1), 100

instructional materials, 107, 108-109

teaching activities, 62, 67, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 100

National Science Teachers Association, 47, 58, 124-126

Natural selection, 2, 7, 14, 15, 20-21, 40, 43

adaptation, species, 40, 107, 112, 127

contemporary, 16-17, 37-38

definition, 13

educational standards, 47, 49, 52, 107, 112, 127

geography and, 14, 37

population growth and, 62, 78-79, 100-103

teaching activities, 61, 74-80, 96-99, 100

Nature of science, see Science, nature of

Newton, Isaac, 28, 29

P

Paleontology, see Fossil record

Pedagogy, see Teaching methods

Peloza v. San Juan Capistrano School District, 58, 122, 126

Plant life

agriculture, 4, 17

pests, 17, 21

photosynthesis, 3

Population growth, 62, 78-79, 100-103

Post-secondary education

textbook on evolution, 9(n.4)

see also Teacher training

Primary education, 63, 64

standards, 48-51

Professional associations

scientists, 58, 129

teachers, 7, 58, 124-128

Publications

educational policy and methods, 130

scientific, 31, 67, 130-132

see also Textbooks

R

Radiometric dating, 34, 35, 52, 90, 127

Reptiles, 8, 27, 34

S

Science, nature of, 4, 22-25, 38, 42, 55-56, 93

Benchmarks for Science Literacy, 47, 63, 125

classification of species, 30-35, 51, 81, 128

educational standards, 48-53 (passim), 108, 109, 124

evaluation of teaching methods, 107, 115, 116

hypotheses, 5, 22-24, 67, 74-76

inquiry-based teaching, 44-46, 59, 61, 66-70, 74-77, 107, 108-110, 115

instructional materials, 22-25, 67, 94, 107, 108-109, 114-116

publications on, 31, 67, 130-131, 132

teachers association positions, 124-125, 128

teaching activities, 61, 62, 66-70, 74-75, 87, 100

theology and, 43, 58, 129

videos on, 132

see also Theory

Seagraves v. State of California, 121

Secondary education, 63-64, 66, 108

standards, 48, 51-53, 108-109

teacher interactions, 7

teaching activities, 61-62, 78, 81, 87, 90, 93, 100

Selection, see Natural selection

Software, see Computers and software

Species and speciation, 18, 35, 37, 51, 127

adaptation, 40, 107, 112, 127

classification, 30-31, 51, 81, 128

coevolution, 20-21, 50

definition, 13, 49

extinction, 49

schema of, 32

teaching activities, 74, 81, 93-99, 100

see also Fossil record;

Natural selection;

Variation, species

Standards

curricula, 47, 48, 105-106

earth and space science, 50, 52

fossil record, 52, 107, 112, 127

history and nature of science, 50-51, 53, 116

instructional materials, 105, 107-119 (passim)

life sciences, 51, 82, 127, 128

middle school, 48-51, 108-109

models and modeling, 48, 109, 112, 127

natural selection, 47, 49, 52, 107, 112, 127

primary education, 48-51

secondary education, 48, 51-53, 108-109

teachers association positions, 124-129

teaching methods, 47-48, 107, 108-110

see also National Science Education Standards

Students, 7-9

beliefs about evolution/creationism, 59, 110, 117, 124

safety of materials for, 111

T

Teacher training

curricular criteria, 106

dialogs on teaching evolution, 7-9, 22-25

standards, 47

Teachers

curricular criteria, 106

dialogs on teaching evolution, 7-9, 22-25

professional associations, 7, 58, 124-128

teaching activities, background, 66-67, 74-75, 78, 81-82, 87, 90, 93-94, 100

Teaching methods, 22-25, 106

evaluation of, 107, 108-110, 115, 117;

see also "standards" infra

evidence, 7, 22-25

inquiry-based, 44-46, 59, 61, 66-70, 74-77, 107, 108-110, 115

science background for, 66-67

standards, 47-48, 107, 108-110

teaching activities, examples, 61-103 (passim)

evidence, 66, 67, 74, 76, 82, 87, 90, 93

fossil record, 62, 82, 84, 87-89, 90

human evolution, 82, 84, 87-89, 100-103

middle school, 61, 62, 66, 74, 87, 90, 100

models and modeling, 61-64, 66, 67, 76, 81-86, 90, 92, 100-103

mutation, 74, 78, 100

National Science Education Standards, 62, 67, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 100

natural selection, 61, 74-80, 96-99, 100

scientific methods, 61, 62, 66-70, 74-75, 87, 100

secondary education, 61-62, 78, 81, 87, 90, 93, 100

species and speciation, 74, 81, 93-99, 100

standards, 62, 67, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93, 100

theory, 66, 74-77, 81-82, 93-99

variation, species, 78, 97, 100

see also Curricula;

Evaluation;

Instructional materials and equipment

Textbooks, 119, 129

disclaimers, 7, 9(n.3), 124

state law, 9(n.3)

teacher association positions, 124, 128

undergraduate, 9(n.4)

Theory, 8-9, 56, 107, 112

definition of, 4-5, 7-8, 22, 56, 76, 124-125, 127

evidence and, 5, 38-39

fact and theory, 5-6, 7, 56

history of evolutionary theory, 11, 13-15, 62, 81-82, 93-99

teachers association positions, 124-125, 127

teaching activities, 66, 74-77, 81-82, 93-99

V

Variation, species, 14, 15-16, 37, 40, 43

teaching activities, 78, 97, 100

definition, 13

see also Mutation;

Species and speciation

Videotapes, 111, 132

Visual aids, see Instructional materials and equipment;

Models and modeling

W

Wallace, Alfred Russel, 11, 13, 62, 93, 94, 97, 98

Watson, James, 14-15

Weather, 3, 19

Webster v. New Lennox School District, 58, 121-122, 126

Wegener, Alfred, 40

Wilson, Edward, 15

World Wide Web, ix