Double-Hull Tanker Legislation: An Assessment of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (1998)
Chapter: Appendix C
APPENDIX C Questionnaires
Questionnaire for Owners and Operators of Double-Hull Tank Vessels
- Operation of double-hull tankers
- What is your experience with operational safety of double-hull tankers in regard to:
- stability during loading and discharging
- safe access to ballast spaces
- ventilation of ballast spaces
- any other safety issues that need to be addressed
- Are there significant differences in cargo operations between double-hull and single-hull tankers?
- Have you established operational procedures specifically for double-hull tankers'?
- Inspection and maintenance of double-hull tankers
- Please provide information on structural and tank coating inspection frequencies and practices on double-hull tankers.
- What is your experience with different types of coating in ballast spaces? Have you encountered significant corrosion problems? If so, please describe.
- What are your current practices with regard to ballast tank coatings (include type, number of coats, thicknesses)? From your experience, what is the expected life of the coatings?
- Do any of your maintenance and inspection practices for single-hull tankers differ from those used on double-hull tankers'?
- Design of double-hull tankers
- Have you had any structural problems on double-hull tankers? Please provide information on the type of problems.
- What is your experience with high-strength steel construction?
- What design changes would you suggest in future double-hull tankers?
- Fleet information
- Please provide the number and size characteristics of double-hull tankers in your fleet.
- Please note if any of your operation experiences are specific to certain sizes of double-hull tankers.
- General
- Based on your experience, what are the advantages and disadvantages of double-hull tankers as compared to single-hull tankers?
Questionnaire for Shipyard Operators, Classification Societies, and Marine Architects
- Design characteristics
- See the attached ship characteristics form for double-hull tankers. Kindly complete the form for double-hull tankers that have been built, or are under construction, or on order in your yard. An example of a completed form is provided for your guidance in completing the form.
- Additionally, what is the percentage of high-strength steel used in each design'?
- What design changes do you foresee in future double-hull tankers?
- Producibility
- In comparing the producibility of single-hull and double-hull designs of 90,000, 150,000, and 280,000 DWT sizes, please provide an estimate of the differences (in absolute terms or on a percentage basis) of labor hours or cost between single-hull and double-hull construction for:
- Please describe any particular problems in double-hull construction versus single-hull construction.
- Maintenance
- Accessibility of spaces: what has been your experience relative to ease of access of spaces in double-hull tankers versus single-hull tankers?
- Ability to gas-free spaces: what has been your experience in the ability to gas-free spaces in double-hull designs for the safe entry of personnel?
- Maintenance-related problems: please describe any maintenance-related problems experienced with double-hull tankers.
|
a) |
steel fabrication |
|
b) |
machinery/outfitting |
|
c) |
coatings (include type and extent) |
|
d) |
total construction time (keel laying to delivery) |
|
e) |
any other comparative data related to construction or producibility |
Owners and Operators of Double-Hull Vessels who Received Questionnaires
|
Name |
Location |
|
Acomarit (UK), Ltd. |
Glasgow, United Kingdom |
|
Acomarit Service S.A. |
Geneva, Switzerland |
|
A.P. Moller Company |
Copenhagen, Denmark |
|
Bergesen D.Y. A/S |
Oslo, Norway |
|
Bona Shipping A/S |
Oslo, Norway |
|
Ceres Hellenic Shipping Enterprises, Ltd. |
Piraeus, Greece |
|
Chevron Shipping Co. |
San Francisco, California |
|
Conoco Shipping Co. |
Houston, Texas |
|
Eletson Corporation |
Piraeus, Greece |
|
Essar Shipping, Ltd. |
Madras, India |
|
Frontline AB |
Stockholm, Sweden |
|
Gotass-Larsen, Ltd. |
London, United Kingdom |
|
Knutsen O.A.S. Shipping A.S. |
Haugesund, Norway |
|
Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |
Tokyo, Japan |
|
Mobil Shipping and Transportation Co. |
Fairfax, Virginia |
|
Mowinckels Rederi A/S |
Bergen, Norway |
|
Naess Shipping |
Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
|
Neptune Orient Lines, Ltd. |
Singapore |
|
Neste Oy |
Esbo, Finland |
|
Ocean Technologies, Ltd. |
Ft. Lee, New Jersey |
|
Teekay Shipping (Canada), Ltd. |
Vancouver, Canada |
|
Torre Britanica |
Caracas, Venezuela |
|
Tschundi & Eitzen |
Lysaker, Norway |
|
Ugland Tanker A/S |
Grimstad, Norway |
Shipyards and Vessel Designers who Received Questionnaires
|
Name |
Location |
|
Astilleros Espanoles (Puerto Real) |
Cadiz, Spain |
|
Avondale Industries |
New Orleans, Louisiana |
|
Bremer Vulkan Werft |
Bremen, Germany |
|
Chantier de l'Atlantique |
Paris, France |
|
China Shipbuilding Corporation |
Taipei, Taiwan |
|
Daewoo Heavy Industries, Ltd. |
Kyungnam, South Korea |
|
Daewoo Heavy Industries, Ltd. |
Seoul, South Korea |
|
Fincantieri |
Trieste, Italy |
|
Halla Engineering and Heavy Industries, Ltd |
Seoul, South Korea |
|
Hanjin Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. |
Pusan, South Korea |
|
Name |
Location |
|
Hitachi Zosen Corporation |
Osaka City, Japan |
|
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. |
Ulsan, Korea |
|
Imabari Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. |
Kagawa, Japan |
|
Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd |
Tokyo, Japan |
|
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. |
Hyogo, Japan |
|
Kvaerner Warnow Werft |
Warnermunde, Germany |
|
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. |
Yokohama, Japan |
|
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd |
Chiba, Japan |
|
Namua Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. |
Imari City, Japan |
|
Newport News Shipbuilding |
Newport News, Virginia |
|
NKK Corporation |
Yokohama, Japan |
|
Odense Steel Shipyard |
Odense, Denmark |
|
Onomichi Dockyard Co., Ltd. |
Hiroshima, Japan |
|
Oshima Shipbuilding Company, Ltd. |
Nagasaki, Japan |
|
Samsung Heavy Industries |
Kyungnam, South Korea |
|
Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corporation |
Okayama, Japan |
|
Sasebo Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. |
Nagasaki, Japan |
|
Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co., Ltd. |
Ochi-gin, Japan |
|
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. |
Kanagawa, Japan |
|
Tsuneishi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. |
Hiroshima, Japan |
Classification Societies That Received Questionnaires
|
Name |
Location |
|
American Bureau of Shipping |
New York, New York |
|
Bureau Veritas |
Paris, France |
|
Det Norske Veritas |
Hovik, Norway |
|
Germanischer Lloyd |
Hamburg, Germany |
|
Korean Register of Shipping |
Taejon, South Korea |
|
Lloyd's Register of Shipping |
London, United Kingdom |
|
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai |
Tokyo, Japan |
|
Polish Register of Shipping |
Gdansk, Poland |
|
Registro Italiano Navale |
Genoa, Italy |
|
Maritime Register of Shipping (formerly Russian Register) |
St. Petersburg, Russia |
Marine Architects who Received Questionnaires
|
Name |
Location |
|
Beresford House, Town Quay |
Southampton, United Kingdom |
|
George G. Sharp, Inc. |
New York, New York |
|
John J. McMullen Associates, Inc. |
New York, New York |
|
M. Rosenblatt & Son, Inc. |
New York, New York |
|
Three Quays Marine Services |
London, United Kingdom |
