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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.

APPENDIX D
Complete List of Technologies Assessed

AIR VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY

Propulsion Technologies
  • active, closed-loop engine control with real-time, detailed diagnostics

  • actively controlled combustor pattern factor

  • advanced combustor cases

  • advanced membrane technology

  • advanced propulsion systems

  • advanced propulsion systems for rotorcraft

  • aircraft turbine core engines with oxygen-enriched airstream

  • aircraft turbine engine with thrust modulation and/or vectoring

  • alternate fuels and propulsion systems

  • alternative propulsion for small airplanes

  • aspirated compressors

  • condition-based monitoring/maintenance

  • cooled cooling air

  • electrically powered aircraft wheels

  • fine spray grid fuel-air injection

  • fuel reforming/fuel cells

  • integral heat exchanger

  • integrated combustor front-end design

  • intelligent gas turbine engines

  • large turndown ratio combustors

  • low cost turbines for general aviation and helicopters

Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
  • low or no emission engines

  • nacelle boundary layer suction

  • nonmetallic aircraft turbine engines

  • revolutionary combustors

  • trapped vortex pilot zone

  • turbo-electric hybrid powered aircraft

  • turbogenerators

Aerodynamics
  • elimination of airframe wave drag through wave cancellation

  • maintaining laminar flow on airframes by means of surface cooling

  • minimum-wake wing

  • technology to extract the rotary energy of wingtip vortices

Air Vehicle Configurations
  • "electraircraft" x-plane

  • "green" aircraft configurations and operations

  • air vehicles optimized for reduced operating costs

  • blended-wing body (BWB)

  • high speed civil transports

  • mid-wing twin fuselage

  • O-plane

  • practical, affordable flying automobile

  • strut-braced wing

  • unconventional aircraft

  • unpiloted air vehicles

  • V/STOL aircraft to enhance capacity

  • variable diameter tilt-rotors

  • vertical flight for commercial applications

  • vertical flight for personal transportation

Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
  • very large cargo aircraft

  • Z plane

Control Systems and Sensors
  • aircraft mounted remote weather sensors

  • control systems

  • data fusion/estimation

  • low-cost ice protection systems and ice avoidance capability

  • noise reduction technology

  • photonics-based sensors

Structures, Materials, and MEMS
  • "smart systems" applications

  • advanced materials

  • aluminum/aluminum diboride metal matrix composites

  • carbon nanofibers with an ultra high capacity to absorb/adsorb hydrogen gas at ambient temperatures and modest pressures

  • carbon/carbon/boron nitride composites

  • laminated structures technology

  • materials and materials processing

  • MEMS in-situ cooling of hot section sensors

  • micro electromechanical systems (MEMS)

  • miniaturization, smart structures, and health-monitoring

  • multichip module laminates

  • nanoporous composite fiber activated carbon assemblies

  • new alloys

  • recyclable copolyester thermosets

  • reinforced composites for propulsion systems

  • shaped/smart materials

Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
  • superconducting electronic materials

  • very low-cost composites

  • wing sealants

Design and Manufacturing
  • automated assembly

  • fabrication by light

  • integrated design

  • lean manufacturing for gas turbine engines

  • modeling and simulation

  • new methodology for engine design and development

  • virtual manufacturing

  • virtual prototyping

  • virtual test cells

AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

Flight Deck and Human/Automation Systems
  • affordable, reliable fly-by-light control systems

  • automated preflight procedures

  • automated reasoning

  • care free handling

  • configuration performance monitoring and situation awareness

  • decision aids

  • distributed systems (via datalinks)

  • flight deck workload reduction technology

  • highly capable automation systems

  • human-machine systems (cognitive engineering)

  • integrated flight systems

  • situation awareness alerting systems

Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
  • technology for uncrewed aircraft

  • upwardly compatible systems

  • virtual visual meteorological conditions (VMC)

Communications, Navigation, Surveillance, and Air Traffic Management
  • 4-D operations (four dimensional precision trajectory prediction)

  • air traffic control

  • air traffic management for V/STOL aircraft

  • antijamming technology

  • free flight and a precise knowledge of location

  • high altitude airborne communications platforms

  • information security

  • low-cost inertial measurement units

  • reliable and confirmed ATC information in the cockpit

  • satellite-based communications, navigation, and surveillance systems

Terminal Area Technologies
  • energy absorbing runways

  • formation landings

  • high speed turnoffs

  • V/STOL infrastructure

  • wake vortex mitigation

  • wide runways

Software and Process Technologies
  • autocode

  • certification

  • common conceptual model for software

  • formal methods for software development

Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
  • improved theory and methods of risk estimation and management in complex flight-critical systems

  • new software verification and validation processes

  • next generation ''goal level" autonomy algorithms

  • predictive tools/models for analyzing the total air transportation system

  • safety analysis

  • software architecture

  • software certification

  • software designed for evolution

SPACE TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY

Propulsion Technologies
  • advanced fuels

  • advanced high energy propellants

  • blast wave accelerator

  • combined cycle rocket-based engines

  • endothermic hydrocarbons

  • high efficiency H2-O2 rocket engine capable of providing optimum expansion ratio performance over the ambient pressure range from 1 atmosphere to space vacuum

  • hydrogen densification/storage

  • increased thrust-to-weight engine

  • laser propulsion

  • liquid air, cooled air propulsion concepts

  • pulse detonation engine

  • reformed hydrocarbons

  • solid/metallic hydrogen

  • strained ring hydrocarbons

  • unique propulsion concepts

  • variable expansion ratio engine

Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
Launch Vehicle Configurations and Components
  • advanced composite materials

  • advanced thermal protection systems

  • cost optimized multistage to orbit rocket

  • integrated thermostructural systems

  • lightweight and high performance components for reusable launch vehicles

  • lightweight structures

  • miniaturization

Launch Assist Technology
  • air launch systems

  • cannons

  • magnetic lifter

Ground Infrastructure
  • modeling and simulations of operations

  • prelaunch processing

  • test and mission planning automation

Mitigation of Environmental Impact
  • noise control technology

  • pollution reduction technology

Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix D: Complete List of Technologies Assessed." National Research Council. 1998. Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Breakthrough Technologies to Meet Future Air and Space Transportation Needs and Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6293.
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Next Chapter: Appendix E: Workshop on Breakthrough Aerospace Technologies
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