Visionary Manufacturing Challenges for 2020 (1998)
Chapter: Index
Index
A
Accounting, 117
for concurrent manufacturing, 16-17
creating reconfigurable enterprises, 30-33, 38-40
design methodologies, 16
future of manufacturing, 11
integrated manufacturing systems, 23
manufacturing operations, 32-33, 38-39
theoretical foundation, 39
workforce in, 18-19
Artificial intelligence, 26-27, 44
Aviation industry, 74
B
materials development, 17
research opportunities, 42-43, 120
Business unit managers, 18-19
C
Challenges for manufacturers, 91, 93, 95, 97, 100, 113
accommodating cultural diversity, 95
concurrent manufacturing, 13-17
conversion processes and tools, 115-116
converting information to knowledge, 24-27
creating reconfigurable enterprises, 30-33
design and planning, 114
global competition, 86
global crises, 98
growth, 91
innovation, 33-36
integration of multiple perspectives, 92
integration of resources, 17-24
intelligent communication systems, 114-115
interdisciplinary research, 63-64
managing change, 94
sustaining manufacturing infrastructure, 94
systems management, 95
technologies for meeting, 4, 47
Cognitive science, 6
Collaborations and partnerships
future of manufacturing, 2-3, 30-31
government-industry, for environmental protection, 30
information technology for, 26, 47, 87
Competition
environmental issues, 29
future business practices, 89-90
future of manufacturing, 2, 9, 10, 14
global, 85-86
pressure for systems integration, 17-18
technology and, 111
in technology-driven industries, 74-75
Complexity theory, 111-112
Concurrency of operations
current status, 15-16
definition, 13-14
enabling technologies, 16-17
implications for enterprise functioning, 14-15
Crosscutting technologies, 5
research, 58
Cultural diversity, 95
Customers/consumers
environmental concerns, 29
future of manufacturing, 9, 10, 87, 96
information needs of companies, 88
in innovation process, 108
D
Decision making, 11
artificial intelligence for, 26-27
in complex systems, 112
in concurrent manufacturing, 14
factory locations, 111
information technology for, 44
technology research opportunities, 117
workforce education for, 25
Delphi survey, 2, 3, 9, 123-129, 134-145
Direct deposition processes, 35
Driver technologies, 60-61
E
Economics
future geo-economics, 76-80
future of manufacturing, 2
worker compensation, 76-77
Education and training
current status, 25
future challenges and needs, 95, 102, 109-110, 117, 119
human-machine interface, 46
human resources management, 121
public sector role, 122
research opportunities, 46
technology for, 22, 25-26, 109-110
worker compensation and, 76-77
Electronics industry, 110-111
microelectromechanical systems, 59, 74
Energy consumption, 30, 40, 122
Entrepreneurship, 73-74
Environmental disaster, 99
Environmental protection, 9
current status, 28-29
determinants of environmental impacts, 81
enabling technologies, 29-30, 116
government-industry relations, 30
infrastructure for, 81-83
issues in manufacturing, 83-84, 96
research opportunities, 40-41, 116
trends, 83
See also Waste management
G
Game theory, 32
Globalization, 24
organizational linkages, 106
supply chains, 93
worker compensation and, 76-77
Goal-setting, 7
research agenda, 64-65
H
I
Income, 76-77
Information management/technology, 58
artificial intelligence, 26-27
for concurrent manufacturing, 14
consumer behavior, 88
current status, 25
data presentation, 45
database design, 45
as driver technology, 60-61
enabling technologies, 25-27
future of manufacturing, 10, 24-25, 93, 96, 110-111, 118-119
human-machine interface, 23-24, 45-46, 120-121
human resources management and, 121
for integrated systems, 22
intelligent communication systems, 114-115
knowledge delivery, 109-110
in knowledge economy, 106-108
megatrends, 87-88
for modeling and simulation, 27, 43-44
next-generation manufacturing knowledge base, 62-63
real-time transactions, 24-25, 26
research opportunities, 44-45, 121-122
research recommendations, 5-6, 61
security, 26
significance of, 87
standards for data exchange, 15, 22
systems interaction, 12
workforce access, 11-12
Innovation
current status, 34
customer role in, 108
grand challenge, 33-34
in knowledge economy, 106
management challenges, 96, 106-108, 117
in materials development, 41-42
technology transfer/diffusion, 104
Integrated systems
current status, 19-21
enabling technologies, 21-24
need for, 17-18
operations, 18-19
performance assessment in, 19
pressure for, 18
research opportunities, 103
International trade, 73, 77-80
K
Knowledge economy, 106-108
L
Labor. See Workforce
Life cycle design, 15, 42, 81, 119
Local markets, 11
M
Manufacturing
characteristics of successful, 93
concurrency of operations, 13-17
definition, 9
enterprise structure, 10-11
future environment, 1, 2-3, 8-9, 9, 92, 94-95, 96-98, 99, 100-101
next-generation, 61-63
production processes, 12
significance of, 1
Materials development/management, 74
for concurrent manufacturing, 14, 17
design, 42
future of manufacturing, 3, 10, 11
global supply chains, 92
research opportunities, 41-42
self-replicating materials, 59
theoretical foundation, 42
waste management and, 27-28, 83
MEMS. See Microelectromechanical systems
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), 59, 74
Modeling and simulation, 121
for concurrent manufacturing, 16
consumer behavior, 88
current status, 20
environmental risk assessment, 29
of human factors, 60
information technology for, 27
for integrating systems, 21
next-generation manufacturing goals and, 63
rapid prototyping, 38
for reconfigurable systems, 39-40
research opportunities, 43-44, 58, 60, 88-89
research recommendations, 5, 6
technical challenges, 119
Multidisciplinary approach
in research, 5
technology for collaborations, 20
N
Nanofabrication, 3, 34, 36, 38, 41, 59
applications, 35
processes, 35
Net-shape processes, 38, 40, 42
Next-generation manufacturing, 61-63
O
Organizational structure
business unit managers, 18-19
complex systems, 112
current, 20-21
decision making, 11
fractal, 84-86
future prospects, 2-3, 10-11, 90, 102, 105, 111
holonic system, 100-101
integration of human and technical resources, 17-24
reconfiguring, 32
systems modeling technology, 16
P
Performance assessment, 19, 31-32
Political environment. See Sociopolitical context
Population growth, 27-28
immigration trends, 73
Process technology, 12
biotechnology applications, 43
evolution, 102
flexibility, 110
future prospects, 94-95, 97-98
intelligent processing, 63
reconfigurable systems, 32-33, 38-40
research opportunities, 45, 116, 117-118
technical challenges, 115, 119, 120
Product development
adaptable design methodologies, 16
concurrent manufacturing, 13-14
design team, 45
exchange standards for product data, 15
in industrial ecology, 81
information management challenges, 24-25
in integrated systems, 18-19, 22-23
life cycle design, 15
market pressures, 17
research opportunities, 45
software design, 23
stakeholders in, 23
technical challenges, 119
technology trends, 15-16
tools for, 114
waste-free manufacturing, 29-30, 41
R
Reconfigurable enterprises and systems, 30-33, 38-40
Research
basic, 6
biotechnology, 42-43
breakthrough, 58
collaboration software, 47
crosscutting, 58
enterprise modeling and simulation, 43-44, 60, 88-89
goal-setting, 64-65
human-machine interface, 45-46, 120-121
information technology, 44-45, 60-61
intelligent communication systems, 115
interdisciplinary, 5, 6, 63-64
for meeting grand challenges, 37-38, 57-58
multidisciplinary, 5
for next-generation manufacturing, 62-63
product and process design, 45, 114, 120
recommendations for, 5-7, 58, 60, 61, 64
reconfigurable systems, 38-40
in smaller companies, 104-105
submicron manufacturing, 59
waste-free processing, 40-41
workforce education and training, 46, 102
Resistance to change, 106
Resources
enterprise resource planning, 15
future of manufacturing, 2-3, 10
S
Security, information, 26
Semiconductor industry, 59
Smart materials, 42
Sociopolitical context, 2, 72-73, 75
global competition, 85-86
managing change, 94
megatrends, 87-88
Software, 74
for enterprise modeling and simulation, 43-44
for intelligent collaboration systems, 47
product development, 23
for reconfiguring enterprises, 32
for reconfiguring operations, 33
Standard for Exchange of Product-Model Data (STEP), 15
Standards, information exchange, 15, 22
STEP. See Standard for Exchange of Product-Model Data
Submicron manufacturing, 6, 41
research opportunities, 59
significance of, 59
See also Nanofabrication
Systems management, 95
T
Taxonomy, 39
Teams/teamwork, 14
design team, 45
program team, 105
team theory, 32
Technology, generally
for collaboration, 20, 26, 47, 87
for concurrent manufacturing, 15-17
crosscutting, 5
design methodologies, 16
diffusion, 104
driver, 60-61
for education and training, 22, 25-26, 109-110
for environmental protection, 29-30, 116
future of manufacturing, 2, 3, 12, 73, 86, 102-103
goal setting, 7
human-machine interface, 23-24, 45-46, 104, 120-121
innovative processes, 33-36
integrated systems, 21-24
manufacturing equipment, 16-17, 27
materials development, 17, 41-42
for meeting grand challenges, 4, 47
monitoring development of, 7
product development time, 15-16
push/pull model, 86-87
for reconfiguring enterprises and operations, 32-33
research recommendations, 5-7
software design methods, 23
systems modeling, 16
technology-driven industries, 73, 74-75
worker compensation and, 76, 77
Telecommunications
industry prospects, 74-75
social implications, 75-76
Timetable for progress, 7, 64-65
Tooling, 39
Tools
for planning and design, 114
Translation, language, 26
U
United States, 74-75
worker compensation in, 76-77
W
Waste management, 27-30
energy consumption, 30
environmental management, 83
research opportunities, 40-41, 116
technical challenges, 116
waste-free manufacturing, 29-30
Workforce
access to information, 11-12
adaptability, 104
business unit managers, 18-19
in concurrent manufacturing, 14
critical technologies for, 102-103
decision-making autonomy, 19
education and training, 46, 95, 109-110, 121
factory locations, 111
future of manufacturing, 10, 11-12, 110
globalization of manufacturing, 24
implications of telecommunications technology, 75-76, 109-110
integrated systems approach, 17-24
in knowledge economy, 106
in manufacturing network, 18
performance evaluation, 19, 121
in programmable manufacturing, 97
research opportunities, 103
skills development, 18, 19, 22
in smaller companies, 104-105
standard of living, 75-76
systems interaction, 12, 14, 103
technical challenges, 117
work environment trends, 102, 104-105
Workshop on Visionary Manufacturing Challenges, 69-70
