Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response (1999)

Chapter: Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons

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Previous Chapter: Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Appendix C
Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons

Agent

Effects

Onset

First Aid

Nerve Agents

      

GA (Tabun), ethyl N,N-dimethyl-phosphoramidocyanidate

Miosis, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, convulsions

seconds to minutes

Atropine, pralidoxime, anticonvulsants, ventilation

GB (Sarin), isopropyl-methylphosphorofluoridate

      

GD (Soman), Trimethylpropylmethylphosphorofluoridate

      

GF, cyclohexyl-methylphosphorofluoridate

      

VX, o-ethyl S-[2-(diiospropylamino)ethyl]methylphosphorofluoridate

      

Vesicants

      

H, HD (mustard), bis-2-chlorethyl sulfide

Erythema, blisters, eye irritation, dyspnea

minutes to hours

Decontamination, topical antibiotics, bronchodilators, ventilation

CX (Phosgene oxime), dichloroformoxime

      

L (Lewisite), J-chlorovinyldichloroarsine

    

British antilewisite

Cyanide

      

AC (Hydrocyanic acid)

Loss of consciousness, convulsions, apnea

minutes

Nitrites, sodium thiosulfate

CK (Cyanogen chloride)

      

Pulmonary Agents

      

CG (phosgene), carbonyl chloride

Dyspnea, coughing

minutes to hours

Oxygen, ventilation, bronchodilators

DP (Diphosgene), trichloromethylchlorformate

      

Continued on next page

Page 262 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Page 262

Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons (Continued)

Agent

Effects

Onset

First Aid

Riot Control Agents

      

CS, 2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile

Burning stinging of eyes, nose, airway, vomiting

seconds to minutes

Water for eyes, skin, bronchodilators, oxygen, ventilation for lungs

CN, 1-chloroacetophenone

      

CR, dibenz (b,F)-1:4-oxazepine

      

CA, bromobenzylcyanide

      

DM, diphenylaminearsine

      

DA, diphenylchlorarsine

      

DC, diphenylcyanoarsine

      

Opioids

      

Carfentanil

Dyspnea, ataxia, catatonia

minutes

Naloxone, nalmefene, naltrexone, ventilation

Sufentanil

      

Anesthetics

      

Chloroform

Analgesia, loss of reflexes and conciousness

minutes

Ventilation

Halothane

      

Cyclopropane

      

Ether

      

Antimuscarinics

      

BX, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate

mydriasis, erythema, ataxia, delirium

1 hour

Tacrine, physostigmine

Cholinergics

      

Nicotine

Weakness, tremors, apnea, convulsions

minutes

Mecamylamine

Epibatidine

      

Anatoxin A

      
Page 260 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Page 261 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Page 261
Page 262 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Page 262
Next Chapter: Appendix D: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention List of Restricted Agents
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