Protein and Amino Acids, 1999

Pp. 369-372. Washington, D.C.

National Academy Press

3MH

3-methylhistidine

AA

amino acid

AARP

Amino Acid Requirement Pattern

ACSM

American College of Sports Medicine

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AMS

acute mountain sickness

AR

Army regulation

ASM

appendicular skeletal muscle

ASNS

American Society for Nutritional Sciences

ATFSM

adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle

ATP

adenosine 5'-triphosphate

BBB

blood-brain barrier

BC

branched chain

BCKAD

branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase

BCT

basic combat training

BCAA

branched chain amino acid

BCNH

Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition and Health of Military Women

BHA

butylated hydroxyanisole

BHT

butylated hydroxytoluene

BIA

bioelectric impedance analysis

BV

biological value

BW

body weight

CGMP

Current Good Manufacturing Practice

CHO

carbohydrate

CMNR

Committee on Military Nutrition Research

CNS

central nervous system

CoA

coenzyme A

COX

cytochrome c oxidase

Cr

creatine

CT

computerized tomography

CV

coefficient of variation

DoD

Department of Defense

DRI

dietary reference intake

DRV

dietary reference values

DSHEA

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

DXA

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

EMS

eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FASEB

Federation of the American Societies for Experimental Biology

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

FFA

free fatty acid

FFM

fat-free body mass

FFSM

fat-free skeletal muscle

FNB

Food and Nutrition Board

FSR

fractional synthesis rate

GFR

glomerular filtration rate

OH

growth hormone

GDP

guanosine 5'-diphosphate

GTP

guanosine 5'-triphosphate

GTW

Go to War Ration

HHS

Department of Health and Human Services

HPLC

high-pressure liquid chromatography

IAA

indispensable amine acid

IFT

Institute of Food Technologists

IGF-I

insulin-like growth factor-I

IL-I

interleukin-1

IL-4

interleuking-4

IL-8

interleukin-8

IL-10

interleukin-10

IL-13

interleukin-13

IOM

Institute of Medicine

IVNA

in vivo neutron activation analysis

LNAA

large neutral amino acid

LRPR

Long-Range Patrol Ration

LSRO

Life Sciences Research Office

L-TRP-EMS

L-Tryptophan Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome

MCI

Meal, Combat Individual

MD

metabolic demand

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MIT-AARP

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Amino Acid Requirement Pattern

MRC

Medical Research Council

MRDA

Military Recommended Dietary Allowance

MRE

Meal, Ready-to-Eat

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

mRNA

messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid)

NAD⁺

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NAIDS

nutritionally acquired immune dysfunction syndromes

NAS

National Academy of Sciences

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NCHS

National Center for Health Statistics

NEFA

nonesterified fatty acid

NCO

Noncommissioned officer

NHANES

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NIAMS

National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases

NICHD

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

NIH

National Institutes of Health

NO

nitric oxide

NPU

net protein utilization

NRC

National Research Council

NRDEC

Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center

NSM

nonskeletal muscle

OAAL

obligatory amino acid losses

OCS

Officer Candidate School

OMD

obligatory metabolic demand

ONL

obligatory nitrogen loss

OOL

oxidative amino acid loss

PDCAAS

protein-digestibility corrected amino acid score

PEM

protein energy malnutrition

POMS

Profile of Mood States

PP

protein powders

PX

post exchange

RCW

Ration, Cold Weather

RDA

Recommended Dietary Allowance

RLW-30

Ration, LightWeight-30

RNA

ribonucleic acid

RNI

recommended nutritional intake

RNR

relative nitrogen requirement

RPV

relative protein value

SAA

sulfur amine acids

SD

standard deviation

SEE

Standard Error of the Estimate

SEM

standard error of the mean

SFAS

Special Forces Assessment and Selection

SM

skeletal muscle

SMCM

skeletal muscle cell mass

SMPro

skeletal muscle protein

T₃

triiodothyronine

TAA

total aromatic amine acid

TBK

total body potassium

TBN

total body nitrogen

TCA

tricarboxylic acid

TNF

tumor necrosis factor

TRNA

transfer RNA (ribonucleic acid)

TSA

total sulfur amine acid

UCLA

University of California, Los Angeles

UGR

unitized group ration

UN

United Nations

UN

United Nations University

USAF

U.S. Air Force

USAMRMC

U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command

USARIEM

U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

USASSC

U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

USMA

U.S. Military Academy

VAMS

Visual Analog Mood Scale

VO_2max

maximal oxygen uptake

WHO

World Health Organization