Table B-1 lists the interviewees and interview dates for each case example.
Agency |
Topic |
Interviewee |
Title |
Interview Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) |
Operational Solutions |
Jessica Garcia |
Acting Service Planning Manager |
April 16, 2024 |
Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada |
COVID-19 Ridership Recovery |
Jacob Simmons |
Transit Planning Supervisor |
April 25, 2024 |
CapMetro |
Partnerships |
Roberto Gonzalez |
Director - Service Planning |
April 15, 2024 |
City of Dekalb |
Resources |
Mike Neuenkirchen |
Transit Manager |
April 10, 2024 |
Valley Metro |
Safety |
Aaron Xaevier |
Service Planning & GIS Manager |
April 26, 2024 |
Overview and Context |
|
Can you provide an overview of the nighttime transit services offered by SFMTA? |
|
How has your agencyʼs nighttime transit services and needs for service generally evolved over time? |
|
Planning |
|
What are the primary goals or objectives of SFMTAʼs nighttime transit services? How do they align with broader regional transit goals? |
|
Does your agency plan nighttime service to serve particular populations? If so, how do their trip types and travel patterns differ at night? |
|
What factors or considerations influence your agencyʼs decision to expand nighttime transit service initiatives? |
|
You stated in the survey that you have partnerships with other municipal organizations to help plan and fund service. What role do those partnerships play in operating nighttime service? |
|
(continued on next page)
Operations |
|
What are the primary operational challenges SFMTA faces in providing nighttime transit, and how have these challenges been addressed? |
|
Can you discuss the advantages and challenges of using buses to replace rail service at night? |
|
Impact |
|
How does SFMTA measure the performance and success of its nighttime transit services? What metrics or indicators are used for evaluation? |
|
Looking ahead, what plans does your agency have for the future of nighttime transit services, and how do you anticipate addressing any evolving needs or challenges? |
|
Lessons Learned |
|
What are the key lessons SFMTA has learned from operating nighttime transit services? How have these insights influenced current or future strategies? |
|
What advice do you have for other agencies that may be interested in implementing or expanding nighttime transit? |
|
Final Questions |
|
Is there any additional information or perspectives related to the implementation of nighttime transit services that you believe may be relevant or important for us to understand but that we did not specifically ask about? |
|
Overview and Context |
|
Can you provide an overview of the nighttime transit services offered by RTC SNV? |
|
How has your agencyʼs nighttime transit services and needs for service generally evolved over time? |
|
How do your nighttime services cater to the needs of essential service and shift workers, as well as the overall nighttime transit ridership? |
|
Planning |
|
What factors or considerations influence your agencyʼs decision to expand nighttime transit service initiatives? |
|
Can you elaborate on any specific initiatives or programs RTC has implemented to increase ridership among essential service and shift workers during nighttime hours? How are these initiatives tailored to meet the unique needs and schedules of these riders? |
|
Impact of COVID-19 |
|
How did the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 affect the nighttime economy of your service area? How did these effects change the way nighttime service was administered? |
|
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, what populations did your nighttime service serve? Have they changed or remained the same since 2020? |
|
Have the trip types and travel patterns of nighttime riders changed? |
|
What have been the main challenges in recovering nighttime ridership, if any? |
|
Have there been any new challenges or opportunities in providing nighttime service that have arose since 2020? |
|
Future Plans |
|
Looking ahead, what plans does your agency have for the future of nighttime transit services, and how do you anticipate addressing any evolving needs or challenges? |
|
Lessons Learned |
|
What are the key lessons RTC SNV has learned from operating nighttime transit services? How have these insights influenced current or future strategies? |
|
What advice do you have for other agencies that may be interested in implementing or expanding nighttime transit? |
|
Final Questions |
|
Is there any additional information or perspectives related to the implementation of nighttime transit services that you believe may be relevant or important for us to understand but that we did not specifically ask about? |
|
Overview and Context |
|
Can you provide a general overview of the transit services your agency offers? |
|
How has your agencyʼs late-night services and needs for service evolved over time? |
|
Planning & Travel Demand |
|
What factors or considerations influence your agencyʼs decision to implement or expand nighttime transit service initiatives? |
|
What plans does your agency have for conducting market research or focus groups to better understand the needs and preferences of nighttime transit riders? |
|
What type of trips/travel patterns do they make? If you serve multiple, distinct populations, how do their trip types and travel patterns differ at night? |
|
Partnerships |
|
Can you describe the role university partnerships play in planning nighttime service? |
|
What successes have there been in forming and maintaining partnerships with universities? What challenges have there been? |
|
Do you foresee future partnership opportunities with other organizations for nighttime transit services? Are there obstacles that prevent CapMetro from forming those partnerships? Are there any areas where you would like to expand or strengthen partnerships? |
|
Impact |
|
Looking ahead, what plans does your agency have for the future of nighttime transit services, and how do you anticipate addressing any evolving needs or challenges? |
|
Lessons Learned |
|
What advice do you have for other agencies that may be interested in implementing or expanding nighttime transit? |
|
Final Questions |
|
Is there any additional information or perspectives related to the implementation of nighttime transit services that you believe may be relevant or important for us to understand but that we did not specifically ask about? |
|
Overview and Context |
|
Can you provide a general overview of the transit services your agency offers? |
|
What factors or considerations led your agency to implement or expand nighttime transit services? |
|
Planning and Implementation |
|
Can you walk us through the process your agency undertook to assess the need for nighttime transit in your community? Was your agency aiming to serve a particular public? |
|
What were the primary challenges or obstacles your agency faced in implementing nighttime transit, and how did you address them? |
|
Resources |
|
You indicated on the survey that your agency prioritizes resources for nighttime service over daytime service. How did your agency prioritize resources, both financial and operational, to support the implementation of nighttime transit? |
|
How has nighttime transit affected your agencyʼs resource needs, including staffing, equipment, and infrastructure maintenance? Have there been any notable changes or challenges in resource allocation as a result of providing nighttime transit? |
|
Can you explain the primary sources of funding your agency has utilized to support the implementation and operation of nighttime transit? Are they different from daytime transit? |
|
Impact |
|
Has your agency encountered any unexpected benefits or challenges since implementing nighttime transit? |
|
Looking ahead, what plans does your agency have for the future of nighttime transit services, and how do you anticipate addressing any evolving needs or challenges? |
|
Lessons Learned |
|
What would you or your agency do differently if you were implementing this nighttime transit again? |
|
What advice do you have for other agencies that may be interested in implementing nighttime transit? |
|
Final Questions |
|
Is there any additional information or perspectives related to the implementation of nighttime transit services that you believe may be relevant or important for us to understand but that we did not specifically ask about? |
|
Overview and Context |
|
Can you provide an overview of the nighttime transit services offered by Valley Metro? |
|
How have your agencyʼs nighttime transit services and needs for service generally evolved? |
|
Planning |
|
What factors or considerations influence your agencyʼs decision to expand nighttime transit service initiatives? |
|
How does Valley Metro incorporate safety considerations into the planning and design of nighttime transit services? |
|
What strategies does Valley Metro employ to assess and address safety concerns identified through community feedback, crime data analysis, or other sources during the planning phase of nighttime transit services? |
|
Safety |
|
What safety concerns have riders raised around taking transit during nighttime hours? Are there safety concerns from operators that work during nighttime hours? Are there any other safety concerns on the agency side? |
|
What initiatives does your agency have to address nighttime safety concerns? Are there any partnerships or collaborations with local businesses, community organizations, or local law enforcement agencies that Valley Metro has engaged in to improve safety for nighttime transit users and operators? |
|
Impact |
|
What safety-related metrics does your agency track? |
|
What measurable impacts or outcomes has Valley Metro observed as a result of its efforts to promote safety during nighttime transit operations, both in terms of ridersʼ perception and objective safety metrics? |
|
Looking ahead, what plans does your agency have for the future of nighttime transit services, and how do you anticipate addressing any evolving needs or challenges? |
|
Lessons Learned |
|
What are the key lessons Valley Metro has learned from operating nighttime transit services? How have these insights influenced current or future strategies? |
|
What advice do you have for other agencies that may be interested in implementing or expanding nighttime transit? |
|
Final Questions |
|
Is there any additional information or perspectives related to the implementation of nighttime transit services that you believe may be relevant or important for us to understand but that we did not specifically ask about? |
|
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Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: |
|
A4A |
Airlines for America |
AAAE |
American Association of Airport Executives |
AASHO |
American Association of State Highway Officials |
AASHTO |
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |
ACI–NA |
Airports Council International–North America |
ACRP |
Airport Cooperative Research Program |
ADA |
Americans with Disabilities Act |
APTA |
American Public Transportation Association |
ASCE |
American Society of Civil Engineers |
ASME |
American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
ASTM |
American Society for Testing and Materials |
ATA |
American Trucking Associations |
CTAA |
Community Transportation Association of America |
CTBSSP |
Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program |
DHS |
Department of Homeland Security |
DOE |
Department of Energy |
EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency |
FAA |
Federal Aviation Administration |
FAST |
Fixing Americaʼs Surface Transportation Act (2015) |
FHWA |
Federal Highway Administration |
FMCSA |
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration |
FRA |
Federal Railroad Administration |
FTA |
Federal Transit Administration |
GHSA |
Governors Highway Safety Association |
HMCRP |
Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program |
IEEE |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
ISTEA |
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 |
ITE |
Institute of Transportation Engineers |
MAP-21 |
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) |
NASA |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NASAO |
National Association of State Aviation Officials |
NCFRP |
National Cooperative Freight Research Program |
NCHRP |
National Cooperative Highway Research Program |
NHTSA |
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
NTSB |
National Transportation Safety Board |
PHMSA |
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration |
RITA |
Research and Innovative Technology Administration |
SAE |
Society of Automotive Engineers |
SAFETEA-LU |
Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) |
TCRP |
Transit Cooperative Research Program |
TEA-21 |
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) |
TRB |
Transportation Research Board |
TSA |
Transportation Security Administration |
U.S. DOT |
United States Department of Transportation |

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