Panel to Evaluate the Quality of Compensation Data Collected from U.S. Employers by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission through the EEO-1 Form

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The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) expanded EEO-1 data collection for reporting years 2017 to 2018 in an effort to improve its ability to investigate and address pay disparities between women and men and between different racial and ethnic groups. These pay disparities are well documented in national statistics. For example, the U.S. Census Bureau (2021) found that Black and Hispanic women earned only 63 percent and 55 percent as much, respectively, of what non-Hispanic White men earned.

Evaluation of Compensation Data Collected Through the EEO-1 Form examines the quality of pay data collected using the EEO-1 form and provides recommendations for future data collection efforts. The report finds that there is value in the expanded EEO-1 data, which are unique among federal surveys by providing employee pay, occupation, and demographic data at the employer level. Nonetheless, both short-term and longer-term improvements are recommended to address significant concerns in employer coverage, conceptual definitions, data measurement, and collection protocols. If implemented, these recommendations could improve the breadth and strength of EEOC data for addressing pay equity, potentially reduce employer burden, and better support employer self-assessment.

Publication information

378 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68904-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68905-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26581

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluation of Compensation Data Collected Through the EEO-1 Form. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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William M. Rodgers, III

William M. Rodgers III is professor of public policy and chief economist at the Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers University. He is an elected member of the National Academy of Social Insurance, and serves as the Academy’s Board Chair. Rodgers also serves as Treasurer for the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. He is a Non-Resident Fellow at The Century Foundation and has served in many public capacities, including on President Obama’s Department of Labor transition team, and as chief economist at the US Department of Labor from 2000 to 2001. He served on the National Economic Association Board and is a past president. Rodgers also served on the US Board of United Way Worldwide and currently works on the Board of Trustees of McDaniel College. He just joined the Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank as a Visiting Scholar. At the state level, Rodgers serves on the Governor’s Restart and Recovery Commission and the Public State Bank Board. Locally, he sits on Hopewell Borough’s Planning Board and Economic Development Committee. He received a B.A. degree in economics from Dartmouth College, an M.A. degree in economics from University of California at Santa Barbara, and both an M.A. degree and a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University.

M.V. Lee Badgett

M. V. Lee Badgett is professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and serves on the faculty of the School of Public Policy. She is a faculty co-director of the Center for Employment Equity at UMass Amherst, and she is a distinguished scholar at the Williams Institute of the University of California, Los Angeles. Her current research focuses on poverty in the LGBT community, employment discrimination against LGBT people in the United States, and the cost of homophobia and transphobia in global economies. She has published many journal articles and reports on economic and policy issues for LGBT people, including her most recent book “The Economic Case for LGBT Equality: Why Fair and Equal Treatment Benefits Us All.” Her other books analyze the positive U.S. and European experiences with marriage equality for gay couples and debunks economic myths about LGBT people. She earned a B.A. in economics from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, Berkeley.

Paul P. Biemer

Paul P. Biemer is Distinguished Fellow of Statistics at RTI International and Adjunct Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His areas of expertise includes survey design and analysis, general survey methodology, and total error modeling. He books include Introduction to Survey Quality, Latent Class Analysis of Survey Error, Measurement Errors in Surveys, Survey Measurement and Process Quality, Telephone Survey Methodology, Total Error in Practice, and Big Data Meets Survey Science: a Collection of Innovative Methods, all published by John Wiley & Sons. He is a Fellow of the ASA and the AAAS and an Elected Member of the ISI, he holds a number of awards for his contributions to the fields of statistics and survey methodology, including the W.S. Connor Award, H.O. Hartley Award, the Morris Hansen Award and the Roger Herriot Award. Dr. Biemer has participated in a number of National Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine panels, including Measuring Rape and Sexual Assault in Bureau of Justice Statistics Household Surveys, the Functionality and Usability of Data from the American Community Survey, and the Committee to Review the Scientists and Engineers Statistical Database System (SESTAT) 2000 Decade Design. He has a Ph.D. in statistics from Texas A&M University.

Lisa Catanzarite

Lisa Catanzarite is Vice President, Research and Evaluation at UNITE-LA and the Association of Chamber of Commerce Executives. Prior to entering the nonprofit field, Dr. Catanzarite made contributions to academia as a senior research sociologist and professor of sociology and of urban studies and planning at University of California San Diego, University of California Los Angeles, and Washington State University. Dr. Catanzarite’s research record centers on social inequalities, specifically gender and race/ethnicity in labor markets; immigration; poverty; and education. In addition to her academic background, Catanzarite’s experience includes private sector research and administrative positions in the San Francisco Bay Area and San Diego. Dr. Catanzarite completed a bachelor’s degree in history (1980), a master’s in education (1987), a master’s in sociology (1987), and a Ph.D. in sociology (1990) all at Stanford University, as well as a post-doctoral fellowship in sociology (1992) at UCLA.

Siwei Cheng

Siwei Cheng is currently an associate professor of Sociology at New York University. Her research focuses on the areas of stratification and inequality, labor market, work and occupations, and quantitative methodology. The goal of her research is to develop a greater understanding of the production of inequality in the modern stratification system. Dr. Cheng’s work can be found in leading journals, such as the American Journal of Sociology, the American Sociological Review, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. She received her B.A. in economics and mathematical statistics from Peking University, her M.A. in statistics, and her Ph.D. in sociology and public policy both from the University of Michigan.

Rebecca Dixon

Rebecca Dixon is currently the executive director of the National Employment Law Project (NELP). In her current position, Ms. Dixon has led the initiative to build and contribute to a strong workers’ rights movement that dismantles structural racism, eliminates economic inequality, and builds worker power. Throughout her time at NELP, she has fostered and facilitated many efforts and milestones achieved by the workers’ rights movement. She has continued to expand her efforts through serving on and participating in groups such as the Women’s Institute for Science, Equity and Race; the Georgetown Center for Public and Nonprofit Leadership Racial Equity Working Group; the Economic Analysis and Research Network in the South; and the Insight Center for Community Economic Development’s Closing the Racial Wealth Gap Initiative and Expert of Color Network. Ms. Dixon received her B.A. and M.A. in English from Duke University and a J.D. from Duke University School of Law.

Lisette Garcia

Dr. Lisette Garcia is the Assistant Vice President for Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DIB) at Penn State University. In this role she is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the University’s strategic plan for DIB for the University Park Campus and the 20+ campuses across the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Prior to accepting this role, Garcia was the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (COO) for the Hispanic Association on Corporate Responsibility (HACR), a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. HACR works with Fortune 500 companies to develop and evaluate their Hispanic inclusion strategies for talent, suppliers, and corporate leadership. Garcia has dedicated her career to exploring educational and employment issues within the realm of corporate social responsibility, discrimination, and diversity and inclusion. Garcia has published several articles on employment discrimination and Latino educational attainment in scholarly journals. Garcia received a B.A. from Pennsylvania State University in labor and industrial relations and sociology, an M.S. from Virginia Tech in sociology, and a Ph.D. from Ohio State University in Sociology.

Claudia D. Goldin

Claudia D. Goldin is the Henry Lee Professor of economics at Harvard University and was the director of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)’s Development of the American Economy program from 1989 to 2017. She recently became co-director of the NBER's Gender in the Economy Study Group. Dr. Goldin is an economic historian and a labor economist. Her research covers a wide range of topics, including the female labor force, the gender gap in earnings, income inequality, technological change, education, and immigration. Most of her research interprets the present through the lens of the past and explores the origins of current issues of concern. Dr. Goldin is known for her work concerning the history of women’s quest for career and family, coeducation in higher education, the impact of the “Pill” on women’s career and marriage decisions, women’s surnames after marriage as a social indicator, the reasons why women are now the majority of undergraduates, and the new lifecycle of women’s employment. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. She is the former president of the American Economic Association and the Economic History Association. Dr. Goldin received the 2019 BBVA Frontiers in Knowledge award and the 2020 Nemmers award, both in economics. She earned a B.A. from Cornell University and her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago.

Judith K. Hellerstein

Judith K. Hellerstein is professor and chair of the department of economics and a faculty associate at the Maryland Population Research Center, both at the University of Maryland. She is also a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research and currently serves as chair of the Technical Review Committee of the National Longitudinal Surveys. Dr. Hellerstein served as the chief economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers 2011-2012. Her main area of research focuses on labor market outcomes across gender, race, and ethnicity. Much of her research uses large administrative data sets to study the importance of geography and networks in the labor market outcomes of workers. Some of her recent publications include “Labor Market Networks and Recovery from Mass Layoffs: Evidence from the Great Recession Period”, in the Journal of Urban Economics; “Social Capital Determinants and Labor Market Networks” in the Journal of Regional Science; and "Do Labor Markets Have an Important Spatial Dimension?" in the Journal of Urban Economics; Dr. Hellerstein received her Sc.B. in applied mathematics and economics from Brown University and an A.M. and a Ph.D. in economics both from Harvard University.

Elizabeth Hirsh

Elizabeth Hirsh is associate professor of sociology and Canada Research Chair in Law and Inequality at the University of British Columbia. She studies gender and race inequality, organizational dynamics, and legal mobilization. Much of her research in these areas focuses on employment discrimination and the impact of legal claims and diversity policies on gender, race, and ethnic inequality at work. Her most recent research projects include an analysis of the impact of employment discrimination lawsuits on managerial diversity and a study of how workplace flexibility policies affect motherhood wage penalties. Her work has been published in several top journals, including the American Sociological Review, the American Journal of Sociology, and the Law and Society Review. Dr. Hirsh served on the National Academies’ panel on Measuring and Collecting Pay Information from U.S. Employers by Gender, Race, and National Origin. She holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Washington.

Kristen M. Olson

Kristen M. Olson is the Leland J. and Dorothy H. Olson professor in sociology and director of the Bureau of Sociological Research in the Department of Sociology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Dr. Olson’s research focuses on survey methods, with a particular focus on why measurement, nonresponse, and coverage errors occur in surveys, as well as survey costs. She is specifically interested in the interaction between interviewer and respondent, and what we can learn from paradata (keystroke files, response timing data, and call records), behavior codes, and survey data about the quality of interviewer-administered surveys. Dr. Olson recently chaired a task force for American Association for Public Opinion Research on surveys that transition from interviewer-administered to self-administered or mixed mode surveys. Dr. Olson is editor-in-chief of the Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology. She is an elected fellow of American Sociological Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Olson has served on National Academies panels on Contingent Work and Alternate Work Arrangements, Reengineering the Census Bureau's Annual Economic Surveys, and a Research Agenda for the Future of Social Science Data Collection. She has a B.A. in mathematical methods in the social sciences and sociology from Northwestern University; an M.S. degree in survey methodology from the Joint Program in Survey Methodology at the University of Maryland, College Park; and a Ph.D. in survey methodology from the University of Michigan.

Valerie Rawlston Wilson

Valerie Rawlston Wilson is a labor economist and director of the Program on Race, Ethnicity, and the Economy (PREE) at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI). Prior to joining EPI she was vice president of research at the National Urban League Policy Institute Washington Bureau. She currently serves on the board of the National Economics Association and is a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Academic Advisory Panel. She has written extensively on various issues impacting economic inequality in the United States—including employment and training, income and wealth disparities, access to higher education, and social insurance—and has also appeared in print, television, and radio media. In 2010, through the State Department’s Bureau of International Information Programs, she was selected to deliver the keynote address at a Minority Economic Empowerment event at the Nobel Peace Center. Dr. Wilson served on the National Academies’ panel on Measuring and Collecting Pay Information from U.S. Employers by Gender, Race, and National Origin. Dr. Wilson earned a B.A. in economics from Hampton University and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Donald Tomaskovic-Devey

Donald Tomaskovic-Devey is professor of sociology and the founding director of the Center for Employment Equity at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He studies the processes that generate workplace inequality where he has projects on the impact of financialization upon U.S. income distribution, workplace desegregation and equal opportunity, network models of labor market structure, and relational inequality as a theoretical and empirical project. His long-term goal is to move the social science of inequality to a more fully relational and organizational stance through empirical studies of jobs and workplaces, as well as social relationships between jobs within workplaces and the social relationships that link organizations to each other. He is best known for his contributions to Relational Inequality Theory as well as organizational sampling and measurement methods. He is a founding member of the UMass Computational Social Science Institute and the EEODataNet, a network of researchers using data from and for the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. He received a B.A. degree from Fordham University and a Ph.D. from Boston University, both in sociology.

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Panel to Evaluate the Quality of Compensation Data Collected from U.S. Employers by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission through the EEO-1 Form

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Panel to Evaluate the Quality of Compensation Data Collected from U.S. Employers by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission through the EEO-1 Form

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Featured publication

Evaluation of Compensation Data Collected Through the EEO-1 Form

Description

Collaborators

Committee

Sponsors

Staff

Parent projects

Committee on National Statistics

Major units and sub-units

Contact

Contact us

Provide feedback

Request materials

More like this

Review of the draft United by Nature assessment

Modernizing Mathematics Education for Grades 9-14

Health Care Financing to Improve Availability of Affordable Contraception: Identifying Promising Practices

National Cooperative Highway Research Program

Transit Cooperative Research Program

Modernizing Mathematics Education for Grades 9-14

Social and Economic Systems Program Area

Peer Review of the Marine Recreational Information Program Data Standards

Enhancing Scientific Integrity: Progress and Opportunities in the Social and Behavioral Sciences - A Workshop