The workshop will identify the most promising directions for behavioral and social science research and data infrastructure investment for studying life course health, aging, and Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The workshop will be organized around three broad factors particularly critical to aging in LMICs in the 21st century: (1) inequality, considering inequalities by rural-urban residence, gender, educational attainment, and economic opportunity; (2) environmental exposures, including climate change, extreme weather events, toxic exposures, and air pollution; and (3) family changes (generational wealth transfer, declining fertility, and rapid population aging).