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An ad hoc committee will assess the human requirements for energy intake and expenditure. The review will consider age, sex, body size, body composition, level of physical activity, and race/ethnicity along with other factors that may be warranted, based on available data. Other significant variables for consideration include energy for growth and maturation and to support pregnancy; energy needs postpartum; and amounts to achieve and maintain weight loss or weight gain; requirements to support recovery from disease and treatments or interventions such as surgery; and the health consequences of chronic over- or under nutrition across the life span.