Challenges in Supply, Market Competition, and Regulation of Infant Formula in the United States

Consensus

Download PDF

Paperback - $37.80
Ebook - $30.59

Request an exam or desk copy

Infant formula is a primary or supplementary source of nutrition for many infants in the U.S. Consequently, disruptions to the supply of infant formula can have a severe impact on infants' health and well-being. In late 2021 and early 2022, a recall of specific infant formula products, followed by a pause in production, resulted in a widespread, national shortage. The incident demonstrated that additional risk management planning is needed to protect infants from the consequences of potential future supply chain disruptions.

In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration contracted with the National Academies to convene an expert committee to examine and report on challenges in supply, market competition, and regulation of infant formula. The resulting consensus study report explains policy and marketplace vulnerabilities that were exposed during the shortage, describes the extent to which actions taken by relevant stakeholders addressed these vulnerabilities, identifies remaining gaps in the system, and recommends actions to reduce the risk and lessen the effect of any future disruption to the infant formula supply chain.

Additional materials

Frequently Asked Questions

Publication information

400 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71896-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71897-X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/27765

Suggested citation

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Challenges in Supply, Market Competition, and Regulation of Infant Formula in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Import this citation to:

Log In

Sign in to access your saved publications, downloads, and email preferences.

Former MyNAP users: You'll need to reset your password on your first login to MyAcademies. Click "Forgot password" below to receive a reset link via email. Having trouble? Visit our FAQ page to contact support.

Members of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine should log in through their respective Academy portals.

Email (required)
Password (required)

Don't have an account?

Register

Email (required)
New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters
I accept the terms of use
terms of use

Thank You

Thank you for creating a MyAcademies account!

Enjoy free access to thousands of National Academies' publications, a 10% discount off every purchase, and build your personal library.

Forgot Password

Enter the email address for your MyAcademies (formerly MyNAP) account to receive password reset instructions.

Reset Requested

We sent password reset instructions to your email . Follow the link in that email to create a new password. Didn't receive it? Check your spam folder or contact us for assistance.

Reset Password

New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters

Reset Password

Your password has been reset.

Log In

Verify email

Verify Your Email Address

We sent a verification link to your email. Please check your inbox (and spam folder) and follow the link to verify your email address. If you did not receive the email, you can request a new verification link below

Role of the U.S. Department of Agriculture

The policy briefs and action guide below highlight recommendations and provide key context relevant to specific audiences: Action Guide for Infant Formula Trade Related Analyses Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Congress Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Agriculture

Role of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

The policy briefs and action guide below highlight recommendations and provide key context relevant to specific audiences: Action Guide for Infant Formula Trade Related Analyses Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Congress Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Agriculture

Role of the U.S. Congress

The policy briefs and action guide below highlight recommendations and provide key context relevant to specific audiences: Action Guide for Infant Formula Trade Related Analyses Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Congress Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Agriculture

Role of Federal and Non-Federal Research Funders and Researchers

Highlights recommendations and provide key context relevant to specific audiences: Action Guide for Infant Formula Trade Related Analyses Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Congress Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Policy Brief: Role of the U.S. Department of Agriculture

Subscribe

First Name
Last Name
Email (required)
I agree to receive emails from the National Academies (required)

We respect your privacy and will never share your information.

My Academies

Challenges in Supply, Market Competition, and Regulation of Infant Formula in the United States

Dropdown items

Featured publication

Challenges in Supply, Market Competition, and Regulation of Infant Formula in the United States

Policy Brief