It is increasingly recognized that many patients, while fulfilling traditional criteria for response or remission of depression, continue to have subjective complaints and have difficulties returning to their previous level of function (e.g., returning to work). Increasing clinical and epidemiologic evidence suggests that cognitive dysfunction is an underestimated dimension of depression. The Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a public workshop on February 24, 2015, bringing together key stakeholders, to explore ways of speeding improvement of the discovery, development and regulatory path for new treatments addressing this aspect of depression.