This series of industry-focused conversations will convene to understand how dynamics in the graduate student labor market will impact the capacity of the U.S. research and development (R&D) enterprise to keep pace with innovation and maintain global competitiveness. To capitalize on the critical role of private and industrial partners in these discussions, these meetings will ask science and technology (S&T) leaders directly what will be needed from graduate students now and forecast R&D trends in their sectors. This GUIRR-convened conversation series will also investigate how economically based future STEM trainee pressures may affect the cost or efficiency of innovating.