Addressing the economic and environmental sustainability challenge of global food security requires an adequate, nutritious food supply produced and distributed cost effectively while improving efficiency across the entire food production system. Recognizing this challenge and the increasing global demand for animal products, an expert committee under the Science and Technology for Sustainability Program (STS), in collaboration with the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources (BANR), completed a report that identified critical R&D, technologies, and resource needs for research in the field of animal agriculture, both nationally and internationally. A final report based on their deliberations was released in 2015.