Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001)
Chapter: H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994
H
Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994
TABLE H-1 Mean Serum Retinol Concentrations (μg/dl) by Quartile of Dietary Vitamin A Intake of Individuals Who Were Not Taking Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
|
Sex/Age Categorya |
n |
Quartile |
|||
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
4th |
||
|
M 4–8 y |
950 |
35.6 |
34.5 |
35.2 |
34.4 |
|
M 9–13 y |
885 |
39.5 |
40.5 |
41.8 |
39.4 |
|
M 14–18 y |
698 |
47.8 |
49.7 |
49.9 |
51.4 |
|
M 19–30 y |
1,210 |
54.0 |
58.2 |
56.1 |
56.8 |
|
M 31–50 y |
1,520 |
60.7 |
62.6 |
62.5 |
61.7 |
|
M 51–70 y |
1,035 |
62.6 |
59.7 |
64.2 |
65.4 |
|
M 71+ y |
490 |
62.7 |
61.7 |
62.9 |
62.2 |
|
M Total |
6,788 |
54.5 |
55.8 |
55.9 |
55.9 |
|
F 4–8 y |
926 |
34.8 |
34.1 |
35.3 |
34.6 |
|
F 9–13 y |
851 |
38.9 |
40.6 |
38.9 |
40.9 |
|
F 14–18 y |
624 |
42.2 |
42.0 |
45.5 |
46.4 |
|
F 19–30 y |
833 |
45.0 |
44.3 |
47.3 |
47.8 |
|
F 31–50 y |
1,583 |
47.2 |
46.9 |
48.7 |
48.7 |
|
F 51–70 y |
871 |
56.8 |
56.4 |
57.7 |
59.2 |
|
F 71+ y |
524 |
58.4 |
61.5 |
60.0 |
59.6 |
|
F Total |
6,212 |
46.9 |
46.9 |
48.3 |
48.9 |
|
a M = male, F = female. SOURCE: C. Ballew and C. Gillespie, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, unpublished data. |
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TABLE H-2 Mean Serum Retinol Concentrations (μg/dl) by Quartile of Total Vitamin A Intake of Individuals Who Were Taking Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
|
Sex/Age Categorya |
n |
Quartile |
|||
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
4th |
||
|
M 4–8 y |
401 |
—b |
33.0 |
35.6 |
35.2 |
|
M 9–13 y |
159 |
— |
33.0 |
45.0 |
41.6 |
|
M 14–18 y |
71 |
— |
52.0 |
53.0 |
53.8 |
|
M 19–30 y |
227 |
— |
— |
64.0 |
60.5 |
|
M 31–50 y |
360 |
— |
— |
63.3 |
68.4 |
|
M 51–70 y |
295 |
— |
— |
59.4 |
68.6 |
|
M 71+ y |
151 |
— |
— |
66.2 |
64.4 |
|
M Total |
1,664 |
— |
45.9 |
54.3 |
59.4 |
|
F 4–8 y |
380 |
— |
32.0 |
34.3 |
35.7 |
|
F 9–13 y |
185 |
— |
— |
34.2 |
40.8 |
|
F 14–18 y |
85 |
— |
— |
— |
46.5 |
|
F 19–30 y |
202 |
— |
— |
41.0 |
49.5 |
|
F 31–50 y |
519 |
35.0 |
44.0 |
48.4 |
51.9 |
|
F 51–70 y |
271 |
— |
— |
53.6 |
60.4 |
|
F 71+ y |
194 |
— |
— |
59.6 |
63.0 |
|
F Total |
1,836 |
35.0 |
36.9 |
44.2 |
51.2 |
|
a M = male, F = female. b No value could be computed, primarily due to an empty data cell or the absence of sampling strata representation. SOURCE: C. Ballew and C. Gillespie, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, unpublished data. |
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TABLE H-3 Weighted Median Serum Ferritin by Body Mass Index (BMI) Quartiles, Adult Reference Sample, NHANES III (1988–1994)
|
BMI Quartilea |
Men |
Women |
||
|
20–49 y Median |
50+ y Median |
20–49 y Median |
50+ y Median |
|
|
Non-Hispanic White |
||||
|
Quartile 1 |
118 |
138 |
39 |
77 |
|
Quartile 2 |
132 |
156 |
38 |
89 |
|
Quartile 3 |
132 |
165 |
48 |
92 |
|
Quartile 4 |
168 |
172 |
50 |
101 |
|
Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age) |
||||
|
Beta |
4.007 |
3.619 |
1.434 |
2.358 |
|
p |
0.0001 |
0.007 |
0.014 |
0.0017 |
|
Non-Hispanic Black |
||||
|
Quartile 1 |
129 |
207 |
38 |
125 |
|
Quartile 2 |
143 |
146 |
51 |
120 |
|
Quartile 3 |
166 |
206 |
47 |
124 |
|
Quartile 4 |
186 |
191 |
59 |
150 |
|
Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age) |
||||
|
Beta |
2.786 |
1.885 |
0.917 |
0.58 |
|
p |
0.0048 |
NSb |
0.03 |
NS |
|
Mexican American |
||||
|
Quartile 1 |
90 |
111 |
30 |
90 |
|
Quartile 2 |
128 |
160 |
34 |
87 |
|
Quartile 3 |
137 |
169 |
40 |
93 |
|
Quartile 4 |
178 |
174 |
65 |
112 |
|
Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age) |
||||
|
Beta |
6.852 |
–0.6788 |
3.192 |
1.372 |
|
p |
0 |
NS |
0 |
0.019 |
|
NOTE: Excludes individuals with C-reactive protein levels > 1 and values indicative of iron deficiency for transferrin saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and mean corpuscular volume. a BMI quartiles were defined using race/ethnicity-, age-, and sex-specific cutoffs. b NS = not significant. |
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TABLE H-4 Lower and Upper Quartiles of Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) and Median Serum Ferritin Levels (μg/L), NHANES III (1988–1994)
|
Sex/Age Categorya |
Lower Quartile of Plasma Glucose |
Upper Quartile of Plasma Glucose |
||
|
Median Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) |
Median Serum Ferritin (μg/L) |
Median Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) |
Median Serum Ferritin (μg/L) |
|
|
M 20 to 30 y |
4.66 |
108.4 |
5.57 |
116.2 |
|
M 31 to 50 y |
4.77 |
147.5 |
5.82 |
177.8 |
|
M 51 to 70 y |
4.87 |
131.2 |
6.57 |
188.6 |
|
M 71+ y |
4.95 |
122.8 |
6.72 |
149.4 |
|
F 20 to 30 y |
4.41 |
33.0 |
5.23 |
37.3 |
|
F 31 to 50 y |
4.55 |
36.4 |
5.62 |
44.8 |
|
F 51 to 70 y |
4.74 |
73.6 |
6.19 |
119.5 |
|
F 71+ y |
4.90 |
87.8 |
6.37 |
120.0 |
|
F P/L |
4.17 |
21.6 |
5.00 |
22.0 |
|
NOTE: The plasma glucose values used for constructing the lower and upper quartile populations were estimated using WestVarPC 2.12. Median serum ferritin values and plasma glucose values also were estimated with WestVarPC 2.12. Plasma glucose values were measured for individuals 20 years and older. Only individuals who reported fasting 4 or more hours prior to the blood draw and individuals not taking insulin were included in the analyses. Population groups included only those individuals for whom complete food intakes were reported. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999. |
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TABLE H-5 Lower and Upper Quartiles of Iron Intake from Food (mg/d) and Median Levels of Serum Ferritin (μg/L): Individuals Who Do Not Report Intake of Iron Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
|
Sex/Age Categorya |
Lower Quartile of Iron Intake |
Upper Quartile of Iron Intake |
||
|
Median of Estimated Usual Iron Intake from Food |
Median of Observed Serum Ferritin Levels |
Median of Estimated Usual Iron Intake from Food |
Median of Observed Serum Ferritin Levels |
|
|
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y |
4.6 |
21.0 |
16.3 |
23.5 |
|
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y |
9.4 |
29.0 |
16.9 |
30.0 |
|
M 9 to 13 y |
10.4 |
35.0 |
21.6 |
33.0 |
|
M 14 to 18 y |
12.8 |
48.0 |
26.9 |
50.0 |
|
M 19 to 30 y |
13.2 |
111.0 |
23.6 |
105.0 |
|
M 31 to 50 y |
12.6 |
168.0 |
24.4 |
163.0 |
|
M 51 to 70 y |
10.0 |
160.0 |
23.6 |
148.0 |
|
M 71+ y |
8.3 |
148.0 |
25.1 |
134.0 |
|
F 9 to 13 y |
10.5 |
29.0 |
16.4 |
31.0 |
|
F 14 to 18 y |
7.8 |
28.0 |
16.5 |
25.0 |
|
F 19 to 30 y |
9.9 |
33.0 |
15.4 |
31.0 |
|
F 31 to 50 y |
8.4 |
43.0 |
16.9 |
40.0 |
|
F 51 to 70 y |
7.3 |
102.0 |
17.0 |
93.5 |
|
F 71+ y |
7.4 |
107.5 |
16.9 |
87.0 |
|
F P/L |
10.8 |
32.0 |
21.1 |
28.5 |
|
All Individuals |
9.2 |
51.0 |
19.6 |
49.0 |
|
All Individuals (+P/L) |
9.2 |
51.0 |
19.6 |
49.0 |
|
NOTE: The iron intakes used for constructing the lower and upper quartiles were estimated using the Iowa State University method. Computations of the medians were completed with the C-SIDE program. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 1999. |
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