Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258 (2001)
Chapter: Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1
APPENDIX C
Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1
TABLE C-1 Does your agency contract for any public transit services?
|
Any Contracting |
Systems |
Percent |
|
Yes |
156 |
60.2% |
|
No |
103 |
39.8% |
|
Total Responding |
259 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-2 For what type of organization do you work? (Survey response pattern by system type compared with pattern for all systems receiving the survey.)
|
Organization Type |
Contracting Systems |
Percent |
Non-contracting Systems |
Percent |
Total Responding Systems |
Percent |
Non-responding Systems |
Percent |
|
Regional Transit Agency |
69 |
44.2% |
37 |
35.9% |
106 |
40.9% |
95 |
39.1% |
|
City Agency |
53 |
34.0% |
48 |
46.6% |
101 |
39.0% |
103 |
42.4% |
|
County Agency |
16 |
10.3% |
10 |
9.7% |
26 |
10.0% |
37 |
15.2% |
|
State Transit Agency |
2 |
1.3% |
2 |
1.9% |
4 |
1.5% |
3 |
1.2% |
|
Other |
16 |
10.3% |
6 |
5.8% |
22 |
8.5% |
5 |
2.1% |
|
Total Responding |
156 |
100.0% |
103 |
100.0% |
259 |
100.0% |
243 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-3 Please tell us about the transit services that your agency provides.
TABLE C-4 What type of services do you contract?
|
Type of Service |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
DR |
170 |
61.4% |
|
Fixed-Route Bus |
98 |
35.4% |
|
Ferry |
4 |
1.4% |
|
Commuter Rail |
3 |
1.1% |
|
Vanpool |
2 |
0.7% |
|
Total Responding |
277 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-5 Number of Contracts Reported by Responding Systems
|
No. of Contracts Reported |
Responding Systems |
Percent |
|
1 |
62 |
40.3% |
|
2 |
68 |
44.2% |
|
3 |
17 |
11.0% |
|
4 |
7 |
4.5% |
|
Total Responding |
154 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-6 Service Contractor’s Organization Type
|
Contractor Organization Type |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Private for-profit |
79 |
81.4% |
114 |
68.3% |
5 |
198 |
72.5% |
|
Private non-profit |
6 |
6.2% |
30 |
18.0% |
2 |
38 |
13.9% |
|
Public |
11 |
11.3% |
21 |
12.6% |
2 |
34 |
12.5% |
|
Other |
1 |
1.0% |
2 |
1.2% |
0 |
3 |
1.1% |
|
Total Responding |
97 |
100.0% |
167 |
100.0% |
9 |
273 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-7 Describe the type of service(s) provided under the current contract.
|
Types of Services |
Bus |
DR |
Other |
Percent |
|
Local Bus |
79 |
|
80.6% |
|
|
Express Bus |
38 |
38.8% |
||
|
Community Circulator |
22 |
22.4% |
||
|
Downtown/Parking Shuttle |
6 |
6.1% |
||
|
Fixed Route Total |
98 |
|
||
|
DR (ADA) |
|
135 |
|
79.4% |
|
DR (Dial-a-Ride) |
69 |
40.6% |
||
|
DR Total |
170 |
|
||
|
Commuter Rail |
|
3 |
|
|
|
Vanpool |
2 |
|||
|
Ferry |
4 |
|||
TABLE C-8 These services can best be described as…
|
Service Geography |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Urban |
69 |
71.1% |
59 |
65.6% |
5 |
133 |
68.6% |
|
Suburban |
49 |
50.5% |
34 |
37.8% |
3 |
86 |
44.3% |
|
Rural |
10 |
10.3% |
18 |
20.0% |
2 |
30 |
15.5% |
|
Total Responding |
97 |
|
90 |
|
7 |
194 |
|
TABLE C-9 Year Current Contract Was Awarded
|
Year of Current Contract Award |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
1989–1990 |
1 |
1.0% |
1 |
0.6% |
0 |
2 |
0.7% |
|
1991–1995 |
8 |
8.2% |
12 |
7.3% |
0 |
20 |
7.4% |
|
1996–1997 |
22 |
22.4% |
31 |
18.9% |
0 |
53 |
19.6% |
|
1998–1999 |
32 |
32.7% |
67 |
40.9% |
5 |
104 |
38.4% |
|
2000–2001 |
35 |
35.7% |
53 |
32.3% |
4 |
92 |
33.9% |
|
Total Responding |
98 |
100.0% |
164 |
100.0% |
9 |
271 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-10 Year Previous Contract Was Awarded
|
Year of Previous Contract Award |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
1990 and prior |
5 |
6.6% |
5 |
3.6% |
0 |
9 |
4.2% |
|
1991–1995 |
46 |
60.5% |
71 |
51.4% |
3 |
119 |
55.9% |
|
1996–2000 |
25 |
32.9% |
62 |
44.9% |
5 |
85 |
39.9% |
|
Total Responding |
76 |
100.0% |
138 |
100.0% |
8 |
213 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-11 Number of Times Service Has Been Rebid
|
No. of Rebids |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Still in First Cycle (No Rebids) |
15 |
17.4% |
20 |
13.4% |
2 |
37 |
15.3% |
|
1or 2 |
26 |
30.2% |
48 |
32.2% |
3 |
77 |
31.8% |
|
3 or 4 |
28 |
32.6% |
53 |
35.6% |
2 |
83 |
34.3% |
|
5–10 |
17 |
19.8% |
20 |
13.4% |
0 |
37 |
15.3% |
|
Over 10 |
0 |
0.0% |
8 |
5.4% |
0 |
8 |
3.3% |
|
Total Responding |
86 |
100.0% |
149 |
100.0% |
7 |
242 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-12 Number of Times the Contractor for Service Has changed
|
No. of Contractor Changes |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
0 |
45 |
46.9% |
82 |
53.9% |
5 |
132 |
51.6% |
|
1 |
22 |
22.9% |
26 |
17.1% |
1 |
49 |
19.1% |
|
2 |
13 |
13.5% |
19 |
12.5% |
2 |
34 |
13.3% |
|
3 |
13 |
13.5% |
15 |
9.9% |
0 |
28 |
10.9% |
|
4 or more |
3 |
3.1% |
10 |
6.6% |
0 |
13 |
5.1% |
|
Total Responding |
96 |
100.0% |
152 |
100.0% |
8 |
256 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-13 Number of Contractor Changes for Contracts That Have Been Rebid at Least Once, by Service Type
|
No. of Contractor Changes |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
0 |
26 |
36.1% |
53 |
45.7% |
3 |
82 |
42.3% |
|
1 |
17 |
23.6% |
19 |
16.4% |
1 |
37 |
19.1% |
|
2 |
13 |
18.1% |
19 |
16.4% |
2 |
34 |
17.5% |
|
3 |
13 |
18.1% |
15 |
12.9% |
0 |
28 |
14.4% |
|
4 or more |
3 |
4.2% |
10 |
8.6% |
0 |
13 |
6.7% |
|
Total Responding |
72 |
100.0% |
116 |
100.0% |
6 |
194 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-14 Services Provided Under Current Award
|
|
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Replacements for in-house service |
21 |
23.3% |
30 |
19.5% |
1 |
52 |
20.6% |
|
Replacements for previous contract services |
53 |
58.9% |
75 |
48.7% |
3 |
131 |
51.8% |
|
New |
26 |
28.9% |
31 |
20.1% |
3 |
60 |
23.7% |
|
Supplemental |
0 |
0.0% |
13 |
8.4% |
0 |
13 |
5.1% |
|
Ongoing |
1 |
1.1% |
14 |
9.1% |
2 |
17 |
6.7% |
|
Total Responding |
90 |
|
154 |
|
9 |
253 |
|
TABLE C-15 Most Recent Number of Bidders for Current Award
|
No. of Bidders |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
1 |
16 |
18.4% |
41 |
28.5% |
2 |
59 |
24.7% |
|
2 |
13 |
14.9% |
36 |
25.0% |
3 |
52 |
21.8% |
|
3 |
25 |
28.7% |
23 |
16.0% |
2 |
50 |
20.9% |
|
4 |
14 |
16.1% |
16 |
11.1% |
1 |
31 |
13.0% |
|
5 or more |
19 |
21.8% |
28 |
19.4% |
0 |
47 |
19.7% |
|
Total Responding |
87 |
100.0% |
144 |
100.0% |
8 |
239 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-16 Number of Bidders Previous Time Contract Was Awarded
|
No. of Bidders |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
1 |
9 |
12.0% |
31 |
26.7% |
2 |
42 |
21.5% |
|
2 |
15 |
20.0% |
30 |
25.9% |
0 |
45 |
23.1% |
|
3 |
26 |
34.7% |
22 |
19.0% |
1 |
49 |
25.1% |
|
4 |
13 |
17.3% |
14 |
12.1% |
1 |
28 |
14.4% |
|
5 or more |
12 |
16.0% |
19 |
16.4% |
0 |
31 |
15.9% |
|
Total Responding |
75 |
100.0% |
116 |
100.0% |
4 |
195 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-17 Change in Number of Bidders: Current Award Compared with Last Time Contract Was Awarded, by Service Type
|
Change in No. of Bidders |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Decrease 3+ |
3 |
4.1% |
4 |
3.6% |
0 |
7 |
3.7% |
|
Decrease 1–2 |
15 |
20.5% |
31 |
27.7% |
1 |
47 |
24.9% |
|
No change |
33 |
45.2% |
58 |
51.8% |
1 |
92 |
48.7% |
|
Increase 1–2 |
18 |
24.7% |
16 |
14.3% |
2 |
36 |
19.0% |
|
Increase 3+ |
4 |
5.5% |
3 |
2.7% |
0 |
7 |
3.7% |
|
Total Responding |
73 |
100.0% |
112 |
100.0% |
4 |
189 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-18 Change in Number of Bidders: Current Award Compared with Last Time Contract Was Awarded, by Service Type (Excluding Contracts That Had Only One Bid in Previous Cycle)
|
Change in No. of Bidders |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Decrease 3+ |
3 |
4.6% |
4 |
4.8% |
0 |
7 |
4.7% |
|
Decrease 1–2 |
15 |
23.1% |
31 |
37.3% |
1 |
47 |
31.3% |
|
No change |
27 |
41.5% |
34 |
41.0% |
0 |
61 |
40.7% |
|
Increase 1–2 |
18 |
27.7% |
11 |
13.3% |
1 |
30 |
20.0% |
|
Increase 3+ |
2 |
3.1% |
3 |
3.6% |
0 |
5 |
3.3% |
|
Total Responding |
65 |
100.0% |
83 |
100.0% |
2 |
150 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-19 Average Annual Contract Dollar Amount
|
Contract Amount (Millions) |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
$0.1 and under |
8 |
8.4% |
23 |
15.1% |
0 |
31 |
12.2% |
|
$0.1–$0.5 |
24 |
25.3% |
38 |
25.0% |
0 |
62 |
24.4% |
|
$0.5–$1.0 |
16 |
16.8% |
20 |
13.2% |
4 |
40 |
15.7% |
|
$1.0–$3.0 |
22 |
23.2% |
40 |
26.3% |
1 |
63 |
24.8% |
|
$3.0–$5.0 |
7 |
7.4% |
15 |
9.9% |
0 |
22 |
8.7% |
|
Over $5.0 |
18 |
18.9% |
16 |
10.5% |
2 |
36 |
14.2% |
|
Total Responding |
95 |
100.0% |
152 |
100.0% |
7 |
254 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-20 Total Years Initial Term of Award Will Be in Effect
|
Years |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
1 |
13 |
14.6% |
36 |
22.5% |
2 |
51 |
19.9% |
|
2 |
6 |
6.7% |
21 |
13.1% |
1 |
28 |
10.9% |
|
3 |
52 |
58.4% |
63 |
39.4% |
1 |
116 |
45.3% |
|
4 |
3 |
3.4% |
8 |
5.0% |
0 |
11 |
4.3% |
|
5 |
13 |
14.6% |
30 |
18.8% |
3 |
46 |
18.0% |
|
Over 5 |
2 |
2.2% |
2 |
1.3% |
0 |
4 |
1.6% |
|
Total Responding |
89 |
100.0% |
160 |
100.0% |
9 |
256 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-21 Does contract have an option to extend terms and for how long?
|
Years in Option |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Other |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
1 |
4 |
4.1% |
8 |
4.7% |
0 |
12 |
4.3% |
|
2 |
40 |
40.8% |
62 |
36.5% |
0 |
102 |
36.8% |
|
3 |
9 |
9.2% |
16 |
9.4% |
1 |
26 |
9.4% |
|
4+ |
7 |
7.1% |
13 |
7.6% |
0 |
20 |
7.2% |
|
Unspecified |
6 |
6.1% |
11 |
6.5% |
2 |
19 |
6.9% |
|
No Option |
32 |
32.7% |
60 |
35.3% |
6 |
98 |
35.4% |
|
Total Responding |
98 |
100.0% |
170 |
100.0% |
9 |
277 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-2 2 What is the payment basis for this contract?
|
Payment Basis |
Sole Factor |
Partial Factor |
Sole or Partial |
Percent |
|
Cost+Fixed Fee |
55 |
11 |
66 |
25.5% |
|
Revenue Miles |
13 |
20 |
33 |
12.7% |
|
Revenue Hours |
52 |
36 |
88 |
34.0% |
|
Vehicle Miles |
7 |
5 |
12 |
4.6% |
|
Vehicle Hours |
33 |
9 |
42 |
16.2% |
|
Passengers |
25 |
4 |
29 |
11.2% |
|
Service Zones |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1.2% |
|
Fixed Fee |
9 |
23 |
32 |
12.4% |
|
Trips |
7 |
7 |
14 |
5.4% |
|
Total Responding |
202 |
117 |
259 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-23 Payment Basis by Service Type
|
|
Bus |
DR |
||||||
|
Payment Basis Summarized |
Sole |
Partial |
Sole/Part |
Percent |
Sole |
Partial |
Sole/Part |
Percent |
|
Cost+Fixed Fee |
27 |
1 |
28 |
29.2% |
24 |
10 |
34 |
21.8% |
|
Fixed |
8 |
10 |
18 |
18.8% |
1 |
12 |
13 |
8.3% |
|
Hours |
34 |
16 |
50 |
52.1% |
50 |
28 |
78 |
50.0% |
|
Miles |
8 |
10 |
18 |
18.8% |
12 |
14 |
26 |
16.7% |
|
Passengers |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.0% |
25 |
3 |
28 |
17.9% |
|
Other |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1.0% |
7 |
9 |
16 |
10.3% |
|
Total Responding |
78 |
37 |
96 |
100.0% |
119 |
76 |
156 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-24 How does your agency treat fare revenues under this contract?
|
Treatment of Fares |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Others |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Direct offset |
60 |
64.5% |
121 |
77.6% |
4 |
185 |
72.3% |
|
Kept by agency |
25 |
26.9% |
17 |
10.9% |
2 |
44 |
17.2% |
|
Kept by contractor |
5 |
5.4% |
12 |
7.7% |
0 |
17 |
6.6% |
|
Other |
3 |
3.2% |
6 |
3.8% |
1 |
10 |
3.9% |
|
Total Responding |
93 |
100.0% |
156 |
100.0% |
7 |
256 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-25 What contractor performance provisions does this contract have?
|
Provision |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Others |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Liquidated damages |
45 |
45.9% |
61 |
35.9% |
1 |
107 |
38.6% |
|
Incentives |
25 |
25.5% |
45 |
26.5% |
3 |
73 |
26.4% |
|
Penalties |
43 |
43.9% |
72 |
42.4% |
4 |
119 |
43.0% |
|
Total Responding |
98 |
|
170 |
|
9 |
277 |
|
TABLE C-26 How many revenue vehicles are provided under this contract and who provides them?
|
Source of Vehicles |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Others |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
By agency |
69 |
72.6% |
72 |
48.3% |
5 |
146 |
58.2% |
|
By contractor |
20 |
21.1% |
57 |
38.3% |
1 |
78 |
31.1% |
|
Mixed |
6 |
6.3% |
20 |
13.4% |
1 |
27 |
10.8% |
|
Total Responding |
95 |
100.0% |
149 |
100.0% |
7 |
251 |
100.0% |
TABLE C-27 What equipment or facilities does the contractor provide for this contract?
|
Equipment/Facilities Provided by Contractor |
Bus |
Percent |
DR |
Percent |
Others |
Total Contracts |
Percent |
|
Bus storage facilities |
53 |
71.6% |
107 |
78.7% |
1 |
161 |
75.2% |
|
Maintenance facilities |
49 |
66.2% |
100 |
73.5% |
1 |
150 |
70.1% |
|
Maintenance equipment |
49 |
66.2% |
94 |
69.1% |
2 |
145 |
67.8% |
|
Nonrevenue vehicles |
41 |
55.4% |
78 |
57.4% |
0 |
119 |
55.6% |
|
Schedule hard/software |
28 |
37.8% |
62 |
45.6% |
2 |
92 |
43.0% |
|
Other |
7 |
9.5% |
12 |
8.8% |
2 |
21 |
9.8% |
|
Total Responding |
74 |
|
136 |
|
4 |
214 |
|
TABLE C-28 What services does the contractor provide for this contract?
|
Services Provided by Contractor |
DR Contracts |
Percent |
|
Dispatch |
140 |
92.1% |
|
Reservations |
110 |
72.4% |
|
Call taking |
107 |
70.4% |
|
Routing |
105 |
69.1% |
|
Eligibility |
31 |
20.4% |
|
Other |
30 |
19.7% |
|
Total Responding |
152 |
|
