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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005)

Chapter: Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998

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Previous Chapter: Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.

E
U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998

TABLE E-1 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Daily Intake of Total Water (g): United States, CSFII, 1994–1996, 1998

Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	1st	5th	10th
Both sexes, 0–6 mo	595	1,007	425	544	655
Both sexes, 7–12 mo	526	1,259	560	751	836
Both sexes, 1–3 y	3,897	1,355	457	655	765
Both sexes, 4–8 y	3,857	1,561	531	766	904
M, 9–13 y	586	2,037	686	942	1,103
M, 14–18 y	471	2,791	695	1,070	1,308
M, 19–30 y	915	3,361	767	1,275	1,558
M, 31–50 y	1,800	3,189	937	1,392	1,652
M, 51–70 y	1,674	2,883	900	1,267	1,539
M, 71+ y	715	2,449	768	1,100	1,351
F, 9–13 y	597	1,744	584	818	964
F, 14–18 y	447	2,021	591	821	997
F, 19–30 y	805	2,367	653	933	1,188
F, 31–50 y	1,686	2,475	705	1,088	1,270
F, 51–70 y	1,600	2,457	834	1,161	1,375
F, 71+ y	667	2,166	784	1,022	1,259
P/L	124	2,775	781	1,049	1,305
All individuals	20,838	2,486	649	953	1,151
All individuals (+P/L)	20,962	2,489	650	954	1,151
^a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Total water intake reflects the sum of plain drinking water and the water content of all foods and beverages consumed.

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25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
785	947	1,157	1,433	1,661	2,139
995	1,182	1,466	1,764	1,939	2,520
984	1,279	1,627	2,016	2,289	3,096
1,138	1,454	1,825	2,373	2,737	3,577
1,417	1,900	2,439	3,099	3,806	5,042
1,778	2,439	3,316	4,467	5,532	8,526
2,127	2,948	3,976	5,699	7,017	11,319
2,169	2,835	3,836	5,032	6,011	9,024
2,057	2,641	3,460	4,380	5,178	7,800
1,827	2,325	2,980	3,585	3,951	5,056
1,229	1,608	2,121	2,660	3,130	4,486
1,368	1,846	2,374	3,119	4,008	5,663
1,548	2,129	2,795	3,862	4,576	6,984
1,702	2,257	2,946	3,826	4,507	6,605
1,819	2,310	2,908	3,637	4,273	5,634
1,567	2,062	2,628	3,229	3,706	5,137
1,909	2,682	3,497	4,269	4,974	6,861
1,574	2,210	3,025	4,050	4,950	7,444
1,576	2,213	3,035	4,057	4,950	7,440
DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation (2002).

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TABLE E-2 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Daily Intake of Drinking Water (g): United States, CSFII, 1994–1996, 1998

Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	1st	5th	10th
Both sexes, 0–6 mo	595	53	0	0	0
Both sexes, 7–12 mo	526	113	0	0	0
Both sexes, 1–3 y	3,897	281	0	0	0
Both sexes, 4–8 y	3,857	422	0	0	0
M, 9–13 y	586	602	0	0	0
M, 14–18 y	471	854	0	0	0
M, 19–30 y	915	1,052	0	0	0
M, 31–50 y	1,800	890	0	0	0
M, 51–70 y	1,674	825	0	0	0
M, 71+ y	715	798	0	0	0
F, 9–13 y	597	509	0	0	0
F, 14–18 y	447	679	0	0	0
F, 19–30 y	805	777	0	0	0
F, 31–50 y	1,686	799	0	0	0
F, 51–70 y	1,600	841	0	0	89
F, 71+ y	667	814	0	0	177
P/L	124	1,015	0	0	0
All individuals	20,838	759	0	0	0
All individuals (+P/L)	20,962	762	0	0	0
^a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1 and provided a valid response to the question “How many fluid ounces of plain drinking water, that is, tap water or any bottled water that is not carbonated, with nothing added to it, did you drink yesterday?”

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25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0	0	59	177	237	473
0	30	148	355	473	946
59	237	414	710	887	1,419
118	296	532	946	1,183	1,892
237	473	946	1,419	1,892	2,602
237	473	946	1,892	2,366	5,677
237	710	1,419	2,366	3,548	7,570
237	591	1,183	1,892	2,366	4,731
237	710	1,183	1,892	2,070	3,785
296	710	1,065	1,892	1,892	2,839
148	355	710	1,183	1,508	2,898
177	473	946	1,479	1,892	3,785
177	473	946	1,892	2,366	4,731
237	532	1,065	1,892	2,247	3,785
296	710	1,183	1,892	1,892	3,785
473	710	1,035	1,656	1,892	2,839
237	946	1,892	2,129	2,691	3,548
237	473	946	1,892	2,129	3,785
237	473	946	1,892	2,129	3,785
DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation (2002).

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TABLE E-3 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Daily Intake of Drinking and Beverage Water (g): United States, CSFII, 1994–1996, 1998

Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	1st	5th	10th
Both sexes, 0–6 mo	595	927	320	488	568
Both sexes, 7–12 mo	526	935	291	423	535
Both sexes, 1–3 y	3,897	930	219	336	442
Both sexes, 4–8 y	3,857	1,050	221	400	505
M, 9–13 y	586	1,439	296	491	665
M, 14–18 y	471	2,105	321	660	795
M, 19–30 y	915	2,650	442	798	1,022
M, 31–50 y	1,800	2,441	470	828	1,019
M, 51–70 y	1,674	2,129	435	727	995
M, 71+ y	715	1,712	397	665	819
F, 9–13 y	597	1,232	318	451	571
F, 14–18 y	447	1,502	286	458	659
F, 19–30 y	805	1,850	330	567	757
F, 31–50 y	1,686	1,919	429	679	823
F, 51–70 y	1,600	1,847	354	713	884
F, 71+ y	667	1,564	341	636	788
P/L	124	2,083	443	654	872
All individuals	20,838	1,871	326	566	710
All individuals (+P/L)	20,962	1,874	327	566	710
^a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a 24-h dietary recall on Day 1 and provided a valid response to the question “How many fluid ounces of plain drinking water, that is, tap water or any bottled water that is not carbonated, with nothing added to it, did you drink yesterday?”

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25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
726	858	1,072	1,352	1,553	2,139
671	881	1,136	1,418	1,599	2,199
625	858	1,149	1,475	1,748	2,430
683	946	1,289	1,641	2,002	2,827
915	1,335	1,764	2,378	2,765	3,852
1,230	1,716	2,554	3,619	4,678	7,530
1,504	2,194	3,243	4,883	6,181	10,614
1,516	2,101	3,016	4,203	5,188	8,224
1,358	1,858	2,580	3,529	4,214	6,812
1,166	1,621	2,129	2,676	3,050	4,267
774	1,070	1,547	2,062	2,465	4,004
931	1,354	1,838	2,515	2,956	4,264
1,079	1,595	2,261	3,190	4,007	6,370
1,186	1,730	2,328	3,175	3,824	5,900
1,240	1,655	2,241	2,961	3,528	4,975
1,065	1,418	1,940	2,533	2,839	3,785
1,190	1,829	2,668	3,626	4,406	6,195
1,057	1,593	2,308	3,273	4,132	6,637
1,060	1,595	2,311	3,281	4,132	6,613
DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation (2002).

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TABLE E-4 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Daily Intake of Food Water (g): United States, CSFII, 1994–1996, 1998

Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	n	Mean	1st	5th	10th
Both sexes, 0–6 mo	595	80	0	0	0
Both sexes, 7–12 mo	526	324	0	36	85
Both sexes, 1–3 y	3,897	424	54	124	173
Both sexes, 4–8 y	3,857	511	87	163	214
M, 9–13 y	586	598	92	178	235
M, 14–18 y	471	686	90	184	245
M, 19–30 y	915	711	94	194	270
M, 31–50 y	1,800	748	92	212	295
M, 51–70 y	1,674	755	102	237	314
M, 71+ y	715	737	81	233	306
F, 9–13 y	597	512	89	148	200
F, 14–18 y	447	519	47	121	172
F, 19–30 y	805	517	55	134	171
F, 31–50 y	1,686	556	49	140	195
F, 51–70 y	1,600	610	99	178	251
F, 71+ y	667	602	69	188	262
P/L	124	692	108	219	262
All individuals	20,838	614	51	158	221
All individuals (+P/L)	20,962	615	52	158	222
^a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a 24-h dietary recall on Day 1.

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25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0	0	146	254	319	482
190	306	445	582	637	879
262	387	548	727	840	1,112
324	461	644	847	1,006	1,360
365	520	772	1,076	1,199	1,592
366	582	886	1,269	1,565	2,064
396	642	915	1,300	1,498	1,913
450	660	970	1,325	1,520	2,196
477	703	969	1,251	1,466	1,850
469	671	920	1,263	1,508	1,789
314	458	636	854	1,054	1,691
283	476	684	892	1,097	1,467
292	459	662	926	1,106	1,559
323	508	731	959	1,154	1,561
385	564	786	1,023	1,159	1,443
380	555	758	996	1,173	1,565
431	665	852	1,177	1,403	1,757
354	545	792	1,084	1,309	1,811
355	547	794	1,086	1,311	1,810
DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation (2002).

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TABLE E-5 Mean Daily Intake of Sodium, Potassium, and Total Water from Weaning Foods by Breastfeeding Infants: United States, CSFII, 1994–1996, 1998

Age Category	n	Sodium (mg)	Potassium (mg)	Water (g)
7–12 mo	51	287	442	324
Standard error		61.3	42.8	34.5
NOTE: Sample population includes breastfeeding infants with two 24-hour diet recalls; infants consuming more than 62 g (approximately 1/4 cup) fluid milk and/or infant formula on either of the survey days were not included in the analyses. Means and standard errors were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Total water intake reflects the sum of plain drinking water and the water content of all foods and beverages consumed. Data on plain drinking water intake was provided by a proxy in response to the question “How many fluid ounces of plain drinking water, that is, tap water or any bottled water that is not carbonated, with nothing added to it, did you drink yesterday?” DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation (2002).