Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future (1988)

Chapter: 8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures

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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 180 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 185 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 186 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 187 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 189 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 190 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 196 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 197 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 198 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 199 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 200 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 201 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 202 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 203 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 204 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 205 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 206 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 207 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 208 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 209 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 209
Page 210 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 211 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 212 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 213 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 214 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 215 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 216 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 218 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 219 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 220 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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Page 221 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "8 Dynamics and Replacement of U.S. Transport Infrastructures." National Research Council. 1988. Cities and Their Vital Systems: Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1093.
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